1: The Earth and its Lithosphere — Read

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1.1: Composition and Structure of the Earth
1.2: Origin of the Elements
1.3: Formation and evolution of the Earth
The solar system is believed to have formed about 5 billion years ago as a result of aggregation of cosmic dust and interstellar atoms in a region of space in which the density of such material happened to be greater than average. Over 99.8% of this mass, which consisted mostly of hydrogen, collapsed into a proto-sun; the gravitational energy released in this process raised the temperature sufficiently to initiate the hydrogen fusion reactions discussed above.
1.4: The Earth's crust

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