CHEM 300 Beginning Chemistry

by Sacramento City College

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This text support CHEM 300 at Sacramento City College and covers the fundamental concepts of chemistry. This course assumes no previous knowledge of chemistry, presenting both chemical problem solving and laboratory skills. This course is intended primarily to prepare students for CHEM 400.

Description from LibreTexts.

Publisher
Sacramento City College
Subjects
Chemistry
Licence
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0, as LibreTexts states it. Non-commercial use only.
Who can read
Tweens profiles and older, judged from its title and subjects

Contents

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  1. Front Matter
  2. TitlePage
  3. InfoPage
  4. Table of Contents
  5. Licensing
  6. 1: The Chemical World
  7. 1.1: The Scope of Chemistry
  8. 1.2: Chemicals Compose Ordinary Things
  9. 1.3: Hypothesis, Theories, and Laws
  10. 1.4: The Scientific Method- How Chemists Think
  11. 1.5: A Beginning Chemist- How to Succeed
  12. 1.E: Homework Chapter 1
  13. 1.E: Homework Chapter 1 Answers
  14. 2: Measurement and Problem Solving
  15. 2.1: Taking Measurements
  16. 2.2: Scientific Notation - Writing Large and Small Numbers
  17. 2.3: Significant Figures - Writing Numbers to Reflect Precision
  18. 2.4: Significant Figures in Calculations
  19. 2.5: The Basic Units of Measurement
  20. 2.6: Problem Solving and Unit Conversions
  21. 2.7: Solving Multistep Conversion Problems
  22. 2.8: Units Raised to a Power
  23. 2.9: Density
  24. 2.E: Homework Chapter 2
  25. 2.E: Homework Chapter 2 Answers
  26. 3: Matter and Energy
  27. 3.1: In Your Room
  28. 3.2: What is Matter?
  29. 3.3: Classifying Matter According to Its State- Solid, Liquid, and Gas
  30. 3.4: Classifying Matter According to Its Composition
  31. 3.5: Differences in Matter- Physical and Chemical Properties
  32. 3.6: Changes in Matter- Physical and Chemical Changes
  33. 3.7: Conservation of Mass- There is No New Matter
  34. 3.8: Energy
  35. 3.9: Energy and Chemical and Physical Change
  36. 3.10: Temperature- Random Motion of Molecules and Atoms
  37. 3.11: Temperature Changes- Heat Capacity
  38. 3.12: Energy and Heat Capacity Calculations
  39. 3.E: Homework Chapter 3
  40. 3.E: Homework Chapter 3 Answers
  41. 4: Atoms and Elements
  42. 4.1: Cutting Aluminum until you get Atoms
  43. 4.2: Indivisible- The Atomic Theory
  44. 4.3: The Nuclear Atom
  45. 4.4: The Properties of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
  46. 4.5: Elements- Defined by Their Numbers of Protons
  47. 4.6: Looking for Patterns- The Periodic Law and the Periodic Table
  48. 4.7: Ions- Losing and Gaining Electrons
  49. 4.8: Isotopes- When the Number of Neutrons Varies
  50. 4.9: Atomic Mass- The Average Mass of an Element’s Atoms
  51. 4.E: Homework Chapter 4
  52. 4.E: Homework Chapter 4 Answers
  53. 5: Molecules and Compounds
  54. 5.1: Sugar and Salt
  55. 5.2: Compounds Display Constant Composition
  56. 5.3: Chemical Formulas- How to Represent Compounds
  57. 5.4: A Molecular View of Elements and Compounds
  58. 5.5: Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds
  59. 5.6: Nomenclature n- Naming Compounds
  60. 5.7: Naming Ionic Compounds
  61. 5.8: Naming Molecular Compounds
  62. 5.9: Naming Acids
  63. 5.10: Nomenclature Summary
  64. 5.11: Formula Mass- The Mass of a Molecule or Formula Unit
  65. 5.E: Homework Chapter 5
  66. 5.E: Homework Chapter 5 Answers
  67. 6: Chemical Composition
  68. 6.1: How Much Sodium?
  69. 6.2: Counting Nails by the Pound
  70. 6.3: Counting Atoms by the Gram
  71. 6.4: Counting Molecules by the Gram
  72. 6.5: Chemical Formulas as Conversion Factors
  73. 6.6: Mass Percent Composition of Compounds
  74. 6.7: Mass Percent Composition from a Chemical Formula
  75. 6.8: Calculating Empirical Formulas for Compounds
  76. 6.9: Calculating Molecular Formulas for Compounds
  77. 6.E: Homework Chapter 6
  78. 6.E: Homework Chapter 6 Answers
  79. 7: Chemical Reactions
  80. 7.1: Grade School Volcanoes, Automobiles, and Laundry Detergents
  81. 7.2: Evidence of a Chemical Reaction
  82. 7.3: The Chemical Equation
  83. 7.4: How to Write Balanced Chemical Equations
  84. 7.5: Aqueous Solutions and Solubility- Compounds Dissolved in Water
  85. 7.6: Precipitation Reactions- Reactions in Aqueous Solution That Form a Solid
  86. 7.7: Writing Chemical Equations for Reactions in Solution- Molecular, Complete Ionic, and Net Ionic Equations
  87. 7.8: Acid–Base and Gas Evolution Reactions
  88. 7.9: Oxidation–Reduction Reactions
  89. 7.10: Classifying Chemical Reactions
  90. 7.11: The Activity Series
  91. 7.E: Chapter 7 Homework
  92. 7.E: Chapter 7 Homework Answers
  93. 8: Quantities in Chemical Reactions
  94. 8.1: Climate Change- Too Much Carbon Dioxide
  95. 8.2: Stoichiometry
  96. 8.3: Making Molecules- Mole-to-Mole Conversions
  97. 8.4: Making Molecules- Mass-to-Mass Conversions
  98. 8.5: Limiting Reactant, Theoretical Yield, and Percent Yield
  99. 8.6: Limiting Reactant, Theoretical Yield, and Percent Yield from Initial Masses of Reactants
  100. 8.7: Enthalpy- A Measure of the Heat Evolved or Absorbed in a Reaction
  101. 8.E: Homework Chapter 8
  102. 8.E: Homework Chapter 8 Answer Key
  103. 9: Electrons in Atoms and the Periodic Table
  104. 9.2: Light- Electromagnetic Radiation
  105. 9.3: The Electromagnetic Spectrum
  106. 9.4: The Bohr Model- Atoms with Orbits
  107. 9.5: The Quantum-Mechanical Model- Atoms with Orbitals
  108. 9.6: Quantum-Mechanical Orbitals and Electron Configurations
  109. 9.7: Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table
  110. 9.8: The Explanatory Power of the Quantum-Mechanical Model
  111. 9.9: Periodic Trends- Atomic Size, Ionization Energy, and Metallic Character
  112. 9.E: Homework Chapter 9
  113. 9.E: Homework Chapter 9 Answers
  114. 10: Chemical Bonding
  115. 10.1: Bonding Models and AIDS Drugs
  116. 10.2: Representing Valence Electrons with Dots
  117. 10.3: Lewis Structures of Ionic Compounds- Electrons Transferred
  118. 10.4: Covalent Lewis Structures- Electrons Shared
  119. 10.5: Writing Lewis Structures for Covalent Compounds
  120. 10.6: Resonance- Equivalent Lewis Structures for the Same Molecule
  121. 10.7: Predicting the Shapes of Molecules
  122. 10.8: Electronegativity and Polarity - Why Oil and Water Don’t Mix
  123. 10.9: Homework Chapter 10 Answers
  124. 10.E: Chapter 10 Homework
  125. 11: Gases
  126. 11.1: Extra-Long Straws
  127. 11.2: Kinetic Molecular Theory- A Model for Gases
  128. 11.3: Pressure- The Result of Constant Molecular Collisions
  129. 11.4: Boyle’s Law- Pressure and Volume
  130. 11.5: Charles’s Law- Volume and Temperature
  131. 11.6: Gay-Lussac's Law- Temperature and Pressure
  132. 11.7: The Combined Gas Law- Pressure, Volume, and Temperature
  133. 11.8: Avogadro’s Law- Volume and Moles
  134. 11.9: The Ideal Gas Law- Pressure, Volume, Temperature, and Moles
  135. 11.10: Mixtures of Gases- Why Deep-Sea Divers Breathe a Mixture of Helium and Oxygen
  136. 12: Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces
  137. 12.1: Interactions between Molecules
  138. 12.2: Properties of Liquids and Solids
  139. 12.3: Intermolecular Forces in Action - Surface Tension and Viscosity
  140. 12.4: Evaporation and Condensation
  141. 12.5: Melting, Freezing, and Sublimation
  142. 12.6: Types of Intermolecular Forces- Dispersion, Dipole–Dipole, Hydrogen Bonding, and Ion-Dipole
  143. 12.7: Types of Crystalline Solids- Molecular, Ionic, and Atomic
  144. 12.8: Water - A Remarkable Molecule
  145. 12.E: Homework Chapter 12
  146. 12.E: Homework Chapter 12 Answers
  147. 13: Solutions
  148. 13.1: Prelude - Tragedy in Cameroon
  149. 13.2: Solutions- Homogeneous Mixtures
  150. 13.3: Solutions of Solids Dissolved in Water- How to Make Rock Candy
  151. 13.4: Solutions of Gases in Water- How Soda Pop Gets Its Fizz
  152. 13.5: Solution Concentration- Mass Percent
  153. 13.6: Solution Concentration- Molarity
  154. 13.7: Solution Dilution
  155. 13.8: Solution Stoichiometry
  156. 13.9: Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation- Making Water Freeze Colder and Boil Hotter
  157. 13.10: Osmosis- Why Drinking Salt Water Causes Dehydration
  158. 13.E: Homework Chapter 13
  159. 13.E: Homework Chapter 13 Answers
  160. 14: Acids and Bases
  161. 14.1: Sour Patch Kids and International Spy Movies
  162. 14.2: Acids- Properties and Examples
  163. 14.3: Bases- Properties and Examples
  164. 14.4: Molecular Definitions of Acids and Bases
  165. 14.5: Reactions of Acids and Bases
  166. 14.6: Acid–Base Titration- A Way to Quantify the Amount of Acid or Base in a Solution
  167. 14.7: Strong and Weak Acids and Bases
  168. 14.8: Water- Acid and Base in One
  169. 14.9: The pH and pOH Scales- Ways to Express Acidity and Basicity
  170. 14.10: Buffers- Solutions That Resist pH Change
  171. 14.E: Homework Chapter 14
  172. 14.E: Homework Chapter 14 Answers
  173. Back Matter
  174. Index
  175. Glossary
  176. Detailed Licensing