Yours

LASC | Chemistry 51 - Fundamentals of Chemistr

by Cassius Amorin

Read here Read at LibreTextsPDF
Publisher
LA Southwest College
Subjects
Chemistry
Licence
CC BY-NC-SA, as LibreTexts states it. Non-commercial use only.
Who can read
Tweens profiles and older, judged from its title and subjects

Contents

LibreTexts writes equations in TeX, and here they show as TeX; the PDF has them typeset.

  1. Front Matter
  2. Licensing
  3. TitlePage
  4. InfoPage
  5. Table of Contents
  6. Licensing
  7. 1: The Chemical World
  8. 1.1: Sand and Water
  9. 1.2: Chemicals Compose Ordinary Things
  10. 1.3: The Scientific Method - How Chemists Think
  11. 1.4: Analyzing and Interpreting Data
  12. 1.5: A Beginning Chemist - How to Succeed
  13. 1.6: Hypothesis, Theories, and Laws
  14. 1.7: The Scope of Chemistry
  15. 1.E: Exercises
  16. 2: Measurement and Problem Solving
  17. 2.1: Taking Measurements
  18. 2.2: Scientific Notation - Writing Large and Small Numbers
  19. 2.3: Significant Figures - Writing Numbers to Reflect Precision
  20. 2.4: Significant Figures in Calculations
  21. 2.5: The Basic Units of Measurement
  22. 2.6: Problem Solving and Unit Conversions
  23. 2.7: Solving Multi-step Conversion Problems
  24. 2.8: Units Raised to a Power
  25. 2.9: Density
  26. 2.9.1: PhET- Density
  27. 2.E: Measurement and Problem Solving (Exercises)
  28. 3: Matter and Energy
  29. 3.1: In Your Room
  30. 3.2: What is Matter?
  31. 3.3: Classifying Matter According to Its State—Solid, Liquid, and Gas
  32. 3.4: Classifying Matter According to Its Composition
  33. 3.5: Differences in Matter- Physical and Chemical Properties
  34. 3.6: Changes in Matter - Physical and Chemical Changes
  35. 3.7: Conservation of Mass - There is No New Matter
  36. 3.8: Energy
  37. 3.9: Energy and Chemical and Physical Change
  38. 3.10: Temperature - Random Motion of Molecules and Atoms
  39. 3.11: Temperature Changes - Heat Capacity
  40. 3.12: Energy and Heat Capacity Calculations
  41. 3.E: Matter and Energy (Exercises)
  42. 4: Atoms and Elements
  43. 4.1: Cutting Aluminum until you get Atoms
  44. 4.2: Indivisible - The Atomic Theory
  45. 4.3: The Nuclear Atom
  46. 4.4: PhET- Build an Atom
  47. 4.5: The Properties of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
  48. 4.6: Elements- Defined by Their Number of Protons
  49. 4.7: Looking for Patterns - The Periodic Table
  50. 4.8: Ions - Losing and Gaining Electrons
  51. 4.9: Isotopes - When the Number of Neutrons Varies
  52. 4.9.1: PhET- Isotopes and Atomic Mass
  53. 4.10: Atomic Mass - The Average Mass of an Element’s Atoms
  54. 5: Molecules and Compounds
  55. 5.1: Sugar and Salt
  56. 5.2: Compounds Display Constant Composition
  57. 5.3: Chemical Formulas - How to Represent Compounds
  58. 5.4: A Molecular View of Elements and Compounds
  59. 5.5: Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds
  60. 5.6: Nomenclature- Naming Compounds
  61. 5.7: Naming Ionic Compounds
  62. 5.8: Naming Molecular Compounds
  63. 5.9: Naming Acids
  64. 5.10: Nomenclature Summary
  65. 5.11: Formula Mass - The Mass of a Molecule or Formula Unit
  66. 6: Chemical Composition
  67. 6.1: Prelude to Chemical Composition - How Much Sodium?
  68. 6.2: Counting Nails by the Pound
  69. 6.3: Counting Atoms by the Gram
  70. 6.4: Counting Molecules by the Gram
  71. 6.5: Chemical Formulas as Conversion Factors
  72. 6.6: Mass Percent Composition of Compounds
  73. 6.7: Mass Percent Composition from a Chemical Formula
  74. 6.8: Calculating Empirical Formulas for Compounds
  75. 6.9: Calculating Molecular Formulas for Compounds
  76. 7: Chemical Reactions
  77. 7.1: Evidence of a Chemical Reaction
  78. 7.2: The Chemical Equation
  79. 7.3: How to Write Balanced Chemical Equations
  80. 7.4: Aqueous Solutions and Solubility - Compounds Dissolved in Water
  81. 7.5: Precipitation Reactions
  82. 7.6: Writing Chemical Equations for Reactions in Solution- Molecular, Complete Ionic, and Net Ionic Equations
  83. 7.7: Acid–Base and Gas Evolution Reactions
  84. 7.8: Classifying Chemical Reactions
  85. 7.9: The Activity Series- Predicting Spontaneous Redox Reactions
  86. 8: Stoichiometry | Calculations in Chemistry
  87. 8.1: Climate Change - Too Much Carbon Dioxide
  88. 8.2: Making Pancakes- Relationships Between Ingredients
  89. 8.3: Making Molecules- Mole-to-Mole Conversions
  90. 8.4: Making Molecules- Mass-to-Mass Conversions
  91. 8.5: Stoichiometry
  92. 8.6: Limiting Reactant and Theoretical Yield
  93. 8.7: Limiting Reactant, Theoretical Yield, and Percent Yield from Initial Masses of Reactants
  94. 8.8: Enthalpy Change is a Measure of the Heat Evolved or Absorbed
  95. 9: Electrons in Atoms and the Periodic Table
  96. 9.1: Light- Electromagnetic Radiation
  97. 9.2: The Electromagnetic Spectrum
  98. 9.3: The Bohr Model - Atoms with Orbits
  99. 9.4: The Quantum-Mechanical Model- Atoms with Orbitals
  100. 9.5: Quantum-Mechanical Orbitals and Electron Configurations
  101. 9.6: Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table
  102. 9.7: The Explanatory Power of the Quantum-Mechanical Model
  103. 9.8: Periodic Trends - Atomic Size, Ionization Energy, and Metallic Character
  104. 9.E: Electrons in Atoms and the Periodic Table (Exercises)
  105. 10: Chemical Bonding
  106. 10.1: Bonding Models and AIDs Drugs
  107. 10.2: Representing Valence Electrons with Dots
  108. 10.3: Lewis Structures of Ionic Compounds- Electrons Transferred
  109. 10.4: Covalent Lewis Structures- Electrons Shared
  110. 10.5: Writing Lewis Structures for Covalent Compounds
  111. 10.6: Resonance - Equivalent Lewis Structures for the Same Molecule
  112. 10.7: Predicting the Shapes of Molecules
  113. 10.7.1: PhET- Molecule Shapes- Basics
  114. 10.8: Electronegativity and Polarity - Why Oil and Water Do not Mix
  115. 11: Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry
  116. 11.1: The Discovery of Radioactivity
  117. 11.2: Types of Radioactivity- Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Decay
  118. 11.3: Detecting Radioactivity
  119. 11.4: Natural Radioactivity and Half-Life
  120. 11.5: Radiocarbon Dating- Using Radioactivity to Measure the Age of Fossils and Other Artifacts
  121. 11.6: The Discovery of Fission and the Atomic Bomb
  122. 11.7: Nuclear Power- Using Fission to Generate Electricity
  123. 11.8: Nuclear Fusion- The Power of the Sun
  124. 11.9: The Effects of Radiation on Life
  125. 11.10: Radioactivity in Medicine
  126. 12: Gases
  127. 12.1: Extra-Long Straws
  128. 12.2: Kinetic Molecular Theory- A Model for Gases
  129. 12.3: Pressure - The Result of Constant Molecular Collisions
  130. 12.4: PhET- Gas Properties
  131. 12.5: Boyle’s Law - Pressure and Volume
  132. 12.6: Charles’s Law- Volume and Temperature
  133. 12.7: The Combined Gas Law- Pressure, Volume, and Temperature
  134. 12.8: Avogadro’s Law- Volume and Moles
  135. 12.9: The Ideal Gas Law- Pressure, Volume, Temperature, and Moles
  136. 12.10: Mixtures of Gases - Why Deep-Sea Divers Breathe a Mixture of Helium and Oxygen
  137. 12.11: Gay-Lussac's Law- Temperature and Pressure
  138. 13: Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces
  139. 13.1: Interactions between Molecules
  140. 13.2: Properties of Liquids and Solids
  141. 13.3: Intermolecular Forces in Action- Surface Tension and Viscosity
  142. 13.4: Evaporation and Condensation
  143. 13.5: Melting, Freezing, and Sublimation
  144. 13.6: Intermolecular Forces- Dispersion, Dipole–Dipole, Hydrogen Bonding, and Ion-Dipole
  145. 13.7: Types of Crystalline Solids
  146. 13.8: Water - A Remarkable Molecule
  147. 14: Solutions
  148. 14.1: Tragedy in Cameroon
  149. 14.2: Solutions - Homogeneous Mixtures
  150. 14.3: Solutions of Solids Dissolved in Water- How to Make Rock Candy
  151. 14.4: Solutions of Gases in Water
  152. 14.5: Specifying Solution Concentration- Mass Percent
  153. 14.6: Specifying Solution Concentration- Molarity
  154. 14.6.1: PhET- Molarity
  155. 14.7: Solution Dilution
  156. 14.8: Solution Stoichiometry
  157. 14.9: Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation
  158. 14.10: Osmosis
  159. 15: Acids and Bases
  160. 15.1: Sour Patch Kids and International Spy Movies
  161. 15.2: Acids- Properties and Examples
  162. 15.3: Bases- Properties and Examples
  163. 15.4: Molecular Definitions of Acids and Bases
  164. 15.5: Reactions of Acids and Bases
  165. 15.6: Acid–Base Titration
  166. 15.7: Strong and Weak Acids and Bases
  167. 15.8: Water - Acid and Base in One
  168. 15.9: The pH and pOH Scales - Ways to Express Acidity and Basicity
  169. 15.9.1: PhET- pH Scale- Basics
  170. 15.10: Buffers- Solutions that Resist pH Change
  171. 15.11: Prelude - Sour Patch Kids
  172. 16: Organic Chemistry
  173. 16.1: What Do I Smell
  174. 16.2: Vitalism - The Difference Between Organic and Inorganic
  175. 16.3: Carbon - A Versitile Atom
  176. 16.4: Hydrocarbons- Compounds Containing Only Carbon and Hydrocarbon
  177. 16.5: Alkanes- Saturated Hydrocarbons
  178. 16.6: Isomers- Same Formula, Different Structure
  179. 16.7: Naming Alkanes
  180. 16.8: Alkenes and Alkynes
  181. 16.9: Hydrocarbon Reactions
  182. 16.10: Aromatic Hydrocarbons
  183. 16.11: Functional Groups
  184. 16.12: Alcohols
  185. 16.13: Ethers
  186. 16.14: Aldehydes and Ketones
  187. 16.15: Carboxylic Acids and Esters
  188. 16.16: Amines
  189. 16.17: Polymers
  190. Back Matter
  191. Index
  192. Glossary
  193. Detailed Licensing
  194. Detailed Licensing