7.9: Key Terms — Read — Invisible Network

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Mole: A number of things equal to 6.022 × 10²³ items.
Avogadro’s number: The value 6.022 × 10²³.
Atomic mass unit: An atomic mass unit (amu) is a unit of mass defined as one-twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom, used to express the masses of atoms and subatomic particles.
Gram mass unit: A gram mass unit is the mass of one mole of particles (atoms, molecules, or ions) expressed in grams, numerically equal to the particle’s average atomic or molecular mass in amu.
Molar mass: The mass of 1 mol of atoms or molecules.
Formula mass: Formula mass is the sum of the average atomic masses of all atoms represented in the formula of a substance, expressed in atomic mass units (amu).
Stoichiometry: Stoichiometry is the study of the quantitative relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction, based on balanced chemical equations.
Stoichiometric factor: A stoichiometric factor is a conversion ratio derived from the coefficients of a balanced chemical equation, used to relate the amounts (in moles) of different reactants or products.
Mass-to-mass conversions: A stoichiometry calculation converting between the mass of one substance and the mass of a different substance in a chemical reaction.
Mole-to-mass calculations: A stoichiometry calculation converting between masses and moles of different substances in a chemical reaction.
Stoichiometry calculations: A stoichiometry calculation converting between masses and moles of different substances in a chemical reaction.
Stoichiometric amounts: Stoichiometric amounts are the exact quantities of reactants needed, in the correct mole ratio from the balanced chemical equation, so that all reactants are completely consumed with no excess.
Limiting reactant: The limiting reactant is the reactant that is completely consumed first in a chemical reaction, thereby limiting the amount of product that can be formed.
Excess reactant: The excess reactant is the substance in a chemical reaction that remains after the limiting reactant is completely used up, because it is present in more than the required stoichiometric amount.
Theoretical yield: Theoretical yield is the maximum amount of product that can be formed from given quantities of reactants, calculated using stoichiometry and assuming complete reaction with no losses.
Actual yield: Actual yield is the measured amount of product obtained from a chemical reaction under real laboratory conditions.
Percent yield: Percent yield is a measure of how efficiently a chemical reaction produces product, expressed as the ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield in percentage form.

This page titled 7.9: Key Terms was last modified on Mon, 15 Sep 2025 17:33:34 GMT and is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Burçak Artun, Gorkem Ermut, and Semere Bairu.

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