Beginning Chemistry

by Theodore Chan

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This introductory chemistry textbook provides a foundational overview of key concepts, offering students an entry point into the field. Covering essential topics, it equips learners with a fundamental understanding of chemistry’s role in everyday life. The text serves as both a standalone introduction and a stepping stone for further study at the college level.

Description from LibreTexts.

Publisher
Fullerton College
Subjects
Chemistry
Licence
CC BY-NC-SA 3.0, as LibreTexts states it. Non-commercial use only.
Who can read
Tweens profiles and older, judged from its title and subjects

Contents

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  1. Front Matter
  2. TitlePage
  3. InfoPage
  4. Table of Contents
  5. Licensing
  6. 1: What Is Chemistry?
  7. 1.1: Prelude to Chemistry
  8. 1.2: Basic Definitions
  9. 1.3: Chemistry as a Science
  10. 1.E: What Is Chemistry? (Exercises)
  11. 2: Measurements
  12. 2.1: Prelude to Measurements
  13. 2.2: Expressing Numbers
  14. 2.3: Expressing Units
  15. 2.4: Significant Figures
  16. 2.5: Converting Units
  17. 2.6: Other Units - Temperature and Density
  18. 2.E: Measurements (Exercises)
  19. 3: Atoms
  20. 3.1: Prelude to Atoms
  21. 3.2: Atomic Theory
  22. 3.3: Masses of Atoms and Molecules
  23. 3.4: Periodic Law
  24. 3.4.1: Modern Periodic Table- Periods and Groups
  25. 3.5: Metals
  26. 3.6: Nonmetals
  27. 3.7: Metalloids
  28. 3.E: Atoms (Exercises)
  29. 4: Electronic Structure
  30. 4.1: Prelude to Electronic Structure
  31. 4.2: Light
  32. 4.3: Atomic Emission Spectra
  33. 4.4: Bohr's Atomic Model
  34. 4.5: Quantum Mechanics
  35. 4.6: Quantum Mechanical Atomic Model
  36. 4.7: Energy Level
  37. 4.8: Orbitals
  38. 4.9: Aufbau Principle
  39. 4.10: Pauli Exclusion Principle
  40. 4.11: Hund's Rule and Orbital Filling Diagrams
  41. 4.12: Electron Configurations
  42. 4.13: Valence Electrons
  43. 4.14: Noble Gas Configuration
  44. 4.15: Periodic Trends- Atomic Radius
  45. 4.16: Periodic Trends - Ionization Energy
  46. 4.17: Electron Shielding
  47. 4.18: Periodic Trends - Electron Affinity
  48. 4.19: Periodic Trends - Metallic and Nonmetallic Character
  49. 4.E: Electronic Structure (Exercises)
  50. 5: Chemical Bonds
  51. 5.1: Prelude to Chemical Bonds
  52. 5.2: Lewis Electron Dot Diagrams
  53. 5.3: Ions and Ionic Compounds
  54. 5.4: Electron Transfer - Ionic Bonds
  55. 5.5: Periodic Trends- Electronegativity
  56. 5.6: Covalent Bonds
  57. 5.7: Molecules and Chemical Nomenclature
  58. 5.8: Other Aspects of Covalent Bonds
  59. 5.9: Violations of the Octet Rule
  60. 5.10: Molecular Shapes
  61. 5.11: Acids
  62. 5.E: Chemical Bonds (Exercises)
  63. 6: Chemical Reactions and Equations
  64. 6.1: Prelude to Chemical Reactions
  65. 6.2: The Chemical Equation
  66. 6.3: Types of Chemical Reactions - Single and Double Replacement Reactions
  67. 6.4: Composition, Decomposition, and Combustion Reactions
  68. 6.E: Chemical Reactions and Equations (Exercises)
  69. 7: Stoichiometry and the Mole
  70. 7.1: Introduction
  71. 7.2: Stoichiometry
  72. 7.3: The Mole
  73. 7.4: The Mole in Chemical Reactions
  74. 7.5: Mole-Mass and Mass-Mass Calculations
  75. 7.6: Yields
  76. 7.7: Limiting Reagents
  77. 7.E: Stoichiometry and the Mole (Exercises)
  78. 8: Gases
  79. 8.1: Prelude to Gases
  80. 8.2: Kinetic Theory of Gases
  81. 8.3: Pressure
  82. 8.4: Gas Laws
  83. 8.5: Other Gas Laws
  84. 8.6: The Ideal Gas Law and Some Applications
  85. 8.7: Gas Mixtures
  86. 8.E: Gases (Exercises)
  87. 9: Energy and Chemistry
  88. 9.1: Introduction
  89. 9.2: Energy
  90. 9.3: Work and Heat
  91. 9.4: Enthalpy and Chemical Reactions
  92. 9.5: Stoichiometry Calculations Using Enthalpy
  93. 9.6: Hess's Law
  94. 9.7: Formation Reactions
  95. 9.E: Energy and Chemistry (Exercises)
  96. 10: Solids and Liquids
  97. 10.1: Prelude to Solids and Liquids
  98. 10.2: Intermolecular Forces
  99. 10.3: Phase Transitions - Melting, Boiling, and Subliming
  100. 10.4: Properties of Liquids
  101. 10.5: Solids
  102. 10.E: Solids and Liquids (Exercises)
  103. 11: Solutions
  104. 11.1: Prelude to Solutions
  105. 11.2: Definitions
  106. 11.3: Ionic Equations - A Closer Look
  107. 11.4: Quantitative Units of Concentration
  108. 11.5: Dilutions and Concentrations
  109. 11.6: Concentrations as Conversion Factors
  110. 11.7: Colligative Properties of Solutions
  111. 11.8: Colligative Properties of Ionic Solutes
  112. 11.E: Solutions (Exercises)
  113. 12: Kinetics
  114. 12.1: Chemical Reaction Rate
  115. 12.2: Collision Theory
  116. 12.3: Activation Energy
  117. 12.4: Potential Energy Diagrams
  118. 12.5: Activated Complex
  119. 12.6: Factors Affecting Reaction Rate
  120. 12.7: Catalysts
  121. 12.8: Rate Law and Specific Rate Constant
  122. 12.9: Order of Reaction
  123. 12.10: Determining the Rate Law from Experimental Data
  124. 12.11: Reaction Mechanisms and the Elementary Step
  125. 12.12: Reaction Intermediate
  126. 12.13: Molecularity
  127. 12.14: Rate-Determining Step
  128. 12.15: Mechanisms and Potential Energy Diagrams
  129. 13: Chemical Equilibrium
  130. 13.1: Prelude to Chemical Equilibrium
  131. 13.2: Chemical Equilibrium
  132. 13.3: The Equilibrium Constant
  133. 13.4: Shifting Equilibria - Le Chatelier's Principle
  134. 13.5: Calculating Equilibrium Constant Values
  135. 13.6: Some Special Types of Equilibria
  136. 13.7: End-of-Chapter Material
  137. 14: Acids and Bases
  138. 14.1: Introduction
  139. 14.2: Arrhenius Acids and Bases
  140. 14.3: Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
  141. 14.4: Neutralization Reactions
  142. 14.5: Acid-Base Titrations
  143. 14.6: Strong and Weak Acids and Bases and their Salts
  144. 14.7: Autoionization of Water
  145. 14.8: The pH Scale
  146. 14.9: Buffers
  147. 14.E: Acids and Bases (Exercises)
  148. 15: Oxidation and Reduction
  149. 15.1: Introduction to Oxidation and Reduction
  150. 15.2: Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
  151. 15.3: Balancing Redox Reactions
  152. 15.4: Applications of Redox Reactions - Voltaic Cells
  153. 15.5: Electrolysis
  154. 15.E: Oxidation-Reduction Reaction (Exercises)
  155. 16: Nuclear Chemistry
  156. 16.1: Prelude to Nuclear Chemistry
  157. 16.2: Radioactivity
  158. 16.3: Half-Life
  159. 16.4: Units of Radioactivity
  160. 16.5: Uses of Radioactive Isotopes
  161. 16.6: Nuclear Energy
  162. 16.E: Nuclear Chemistry (Exercises)
  163. 17: Organic Chemistry
  164. 17.1: Prelude to Organic Chemistry
  165. 17.2: Hydrocarbons
  166. 17.3: Branched Hydrocarbons
  167. 17.4: Alkyl Halides and Alcohols
  168. 17.5: Other Oxygen-Containing Functional Groups
  169. 17.6: Other Functional Groups
  170. 17.7: Polymers
  171. 17.E: Organic Chemistry (Exercises)
  172. 18: Biochemistry
  173. 18.1: Monosaccharides
  174. 18.2: Disaccharides
  175. 18.3: Polysaccharides
  176. 18.4: Amino Acids
  177. 18.5: Peptides
  178. 18.6: Proteins
  179. 18.7: Enzymes
  180. 18.8: Triglycerides
  181. 18.9: Phospholipids
  182. 18.10: Waxes
  183. 18.11: Nucleic Acids
  184. 18.12: DNA and RNA
  185. 18.13: Genetic Code
  186. 18.14: Protein Synthesis
  187. Back Matter
  188. Index
  189. Glossary
  190. Detailed Licensing
  191. Detailed Licensing