19.14: Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones — Read

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Aldehydes and ketones can be prepared using a wide variety of reactions. Although these reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections, they are listed here as a summary and to help with planning multistep synthetic pathways. Please use the appropriate links to see more details about the reactions.

Oxidation of 1^o alcohols with PCC to form aldehydes

Hydration of an alkyne to form aldehydes

Anti-Markovnikov addition of a hydroxyl group to an alkyne forms an aldehyde. The addition of a hydroxyl group to an alkyne causes tautomerization which subsequently forms a carbonyl.

Reduction of an ester, acid chloride or nitrile to form aldehydes

Oxidation of 2^o alcohols to form ketones

Typically uses Jones reagent (CrO₃ in H₂SO₄) but many other reagents can be used

Hydration of an alkyne to form ketones

The addition of a hydroxyl group to an alkyne causes tautomerization which subsequently forms a carbonyl. Markovnikov addition of a hydroxyl group to an alkyne forms a ketone.