2: Polar Covalent Bonds; Acids and Bases

This chapter provides a review of the more advanced material covered in a standard introductory chemistry course through a discussion of the following topics:

• the drawing and interpretation of organic chemical structures.
• the use of ball-and-stick molecular models.
• the concept of formal charge.
• the use of electronegativities to determine bond polarity, and the application of this knowledge to determining whether a given molecule possesses a dipole moment.
• the Brønsted-Lowry and Lewis definitions of acids and bases, acidity constants and acid-base reactions.

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