7.1: Basic concepts in surface imaging and localized spectroscopy

Most surface spectroscopic techniques involve probing the surface by exposing it to a flux of "particles" (hν, e^-, A⁺ ....) and simultaneously monitoring the response to this stimulation by, for example, measuring the energy distribution of emitted electrons. In their most basic form, these techniques collect information from a relatively large area of surface (∼ mm² ). In most cases, however, there are variations of these techniques which permit either,

1. The requirement in both cases is for spatial localisation of the spectroscopic technique. This may be achieved in one of two ways,

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