Structure & Reactivity III: Reactivity in Organic, Biological and Inorganic Chemistry

by Chris Schaller

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Thermodynamics, Ligand Binding in Coordination Chemistry, Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds in Organic and Biological Chemistry, Reactions of Coordinated Carbonyls

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Publisher
College of Saint Benedict/Saint John's University
Subjects
Chemistry, General Chemistry
Licence
CC BY-NC 3.0, as LibreTexts states it. Non-commercial use only.
Who can read
Tweens profiles and older, judged from its title and subjects

Contents

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  1. Front Matter
  2. TitlePage
  3. InfoPage
  4. Table of Contents
  5. Licensing
  6. 1: Thermodynamics
  7. 1.1: Introduction
  8. 1.2: Enthalpy
  9. 1.3: Entropy
  10. 1.4: Free Energy
  11. 1.5: Reversibility and Le Chatelier
  12. 1.6: Free Energy and Equilibrium
  13. 1.7: Equilibrium and pKa
  14. 1.8: Hess' Law
  15. 1.9: Solutions to Selected Problems
  16. 2: Ligand Binding in Coordination Complexes and Organometallic Compounds
  17. 2.1: Introduction
  18. 2.2: How Tightly Do Ligands Bind?
  19. 2.3: Electron Counting in Transition Metal Complexes
  20. 2.4: Chelation
  21. 2.5: Pi Coordination- Donation from Alkenes
  22. 2.6: Hapticity
  23. 2.7: Hard and Soft Acid and Base Concepts
  24. 2.8: Ligand Field Theory
  25. 2.9: Ligand Field Stabilization Energy
  26. 2.10: Spectrochemical Series
  27. 2.11: Ligand Lability
  28. 2.12: Jahn-Teller Distortion
  29. 2.13: Multiple Bonds in Coordination Complexes
  30. 2.14: Solutions to Selected Problems
  31. 2.15: More Solutions to Selected Problems
  32. 3: Addition to Carbonyls
  33. 3.1: What is a Solvent?
  34. 3.2: Semi-Anionic Nucleophiles
  35. 3.3: Enolate Addition- Aldol reactions
  36. 3.4: Activation of Carbonyls
  37. 3.5: Addition of Neutral Nucleophiles
  38. 3.6: Proton Transfer in Carbonyl Addition
  39. 3.7: Pi Donation
  40. 3.8: Sugars- Pyranose and Furanose Forms
  41. 3.9: The Anomeric Center
  42. 3.10: Biological Reduction
  43. 3.11: Carbonyls in Biology
  44. 3.12: Organic Oxidation
  45. 3.13: Addition of Ylides
  46. 3.14: Conjugate Addition
  47. 3.15: Conjugate Addition and Elimination in Aromatics
  48. 3.16: Carbonyl Addition in Synthesis
  49. 3.17: Summary of Elementary Steps
  50. 3.18: Additional Problems
  51. 3.19: Solutions to Selected Problems, Part A
  52. 3.20: Solutions to Selected Problems, Part B
  53. 3.21: Carbonyls are Electrophiles
  54. 3.22: General Reactivity Patterns
  55. 3.23: Reaction Mechanism
  56. 3.24: Molecular Orbital Picture of Carbonyls
  57. 3.25: Relative Reactivity of Carbonyls
  58. 3.26: The Mechanism of Carbonyl Addition- Step One
  59. 3.27: Protonation of the Alkoxide Anion
  60. 3.28: What is a Nucleophile?
  61. 4: Insertion
  62. 4.1: Introduction
  63. 4.2: CO Binding
  64. 4.3: Hydride and Alkyl Migratory Insertions
  65. 4.4: β-Hydride Insertion and Beta-Hydride Elimination
  66. 4.5: Solutions for Selected Problems
  67. 5: Substitution at Carboxyloids
  68. 5.1: Biosynthesis of Proteins and Peptides
  69. 5.2: Protein Modification
  70. 5.3: Additional Problems
  71. 5.4: Solutions For Selected Problems
  72. 5.5: Introduction to Carboxyloids
  73. 5.6: General Reactivity Patterns
  74. 5.7: Comparative Energies- The Ski Hill
  75. 5.8: Interconversion- Going Downhill
  76. 5.9: Getting Towed Uphill
  77. 5.10: Semi-Anionic Nucleophiles
  78. 5.11: Enolates - Claisen Condensation and Decarboxylation
  79. 5.12: Condensation Polymers and Ring-Opening Trans-Esterification Polymerisation
  80. 5.13: Peptide and Protein Synthesis
  81. 6: Enzyme Catalysis
  82. 6.1: Introduction to Enzymes
  83. 6.2: Enzyme Binding
  84. 6.3: Strategies in Enzyme Catalysis
  85. 6.4: Enzyme Inhibition
  86. 6.5: Types of Reversible Inhibitors
  87. 6.6: Covalent Modification
  88. 6.7: Enzyme Solutions
  89. 7: Metabolic Pathways
  90. 7.1: An Overview of Metabolic Pathways - Catabolism
  91. 7.2: An Overview of Metabolic Pathways - Anabolism
  92. 7.3: Metabolic Maps Homepage
  93. 7.4: Regulation of Metabolic Pathways A - How is enzyme activity regulated?
  94. 7.5: Regulation of Metabolic Pathways B - Which Enzymes Are Optimal for Regulation?
  95. 8: Mechanisms of Glycolysis
  96. 8.1: Introduction to Glycolysis - Energy Storage
  97. 8.2: Overview of Glycolysis
  98. 8.3: Mechanisms of Phase One- Phosphorylation and Isomerisation
  99. 8.4: Mechanisms of Phase One - Scission
  100. 8.5: Catalysis in Phase One
  101. 8.6: Mechanisms of Phase Two
  102. 8.7: Catalysis of Phase Two
  103. 8.8: Thermodynamics of Glycolysis
  104. 8.9: Thermodynamics- The Role of Concentrations
  105. 8.10: Gluconeogenesis
  106. 8.11: Regulation
  107. 8.12: Solutions for Selected Problems.
  108. 9: Mechanisms of the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
  109. 9.1: Overview of the TCA Cycle
  110. 9.2: Transformations in the TCA Cycle
  111. 9.3: Catalysis in the TCA Cycle
  112. 9.4: Solutions for Selected Problems
  113. 10: Fatty Acid Synthesis
  114. 10.1: Overview of Fatty Acid Synthesis
  115. 10.2: Transformations in Fatty Acid Synthesis
  116. 10.3: Catalysis in Fatty Acid Synthesis
  117. 10.4: Solutions to Selected Problems
  118. Back Matter
  119. Index
  120. Glossary
  121. Detailed Licensing