Foundations of Introductory Chemistry-1

Read here Read at LibreTextsPDF
Subjects
Chemistry
Licence
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0, as LibreTexts states it. Non-commercial use only.
Who can read
Tweens profiles and older, judged from its title and subjects

Contents

LibreTexts writes equations in TeX, and here they show as TeX; the PDF has them typeset.

  1. Table of Contents
  2. 1: What Is Chemistry?
  3. 1.1 Chemistry as a Science
  4. 2: Measurements
  5. 2.1 Expressing Numbers - Scientific Notation
  6. 2.2 Expressing Numbers - Significant Figures
  7. 2.3 The International System of Units
  8. 2.4 Converting Units
  9. 2.5 Other Units - Temperature and Density
  10. 3: Matter
  11. 3.1: Matter
  12. 3.2: Physical and Chemical Properties
  13. 3.3: Physical and Chemical Changes
  14. 3.4: Elements and Compounds
  15. 3.5: Pure Substances and Mixtures
  16. 3.6: Separation of Mixtures
  17. 4: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
  18. 3.4 Acids
  19. 3.5 Masses of Atoms and Molecules
  20. 3.6 Monotomic Ions of Various Charges
  21. 4.01 The Elements and Symbols
  22. 4.1: Molecules and Chemical Nomenclature
  23. 4.2 Atomic Theory
  24. 4.3 Isotopes
  25. 4.4: The Periodic Table
  26. 4.5 Ions
  27. 4.6 Ionic Compounds
  28. 5: Nomenclature
  29. 5.1 Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
  30. 5.2 Naming Molecular (Covalent) Compounds
  31. 5.3 Naming Compounds that contain Polyatomic Ions
  32. 5.4 Naming Acids
  33. 6: Chemical Reactions and Equations
  34. 6.1: Chemical Changes and Chemical Reactions
  35. 6.2: The Chemical Equation - Writing and Balancing
  36. 7: Types of Chemical Reactions
  37. 7.1: Types of Chemical Reactions - Single and Double Displacement Reactions
  38. 7.2: Ionic Equations - A Closer Look
  39. 7.3: Neutralization Reactions
  40. 7.4: Single Displacement Reactions
  41. 7.5: Composition, Decomposition, and Combustion Reactions
  42. 8: Stoichiometry and the Mole
  43. 8.1: Stoichiometry
  44. 8.2: The Mole
  45. 8.3: Percent Composition, Empirical and Molecular Formulas
  46. 8.4: Empirical Formulas
  47. 8.5: Molecular Formulas
  48. 9: Using Moles in Chemical Equation StoichiometryNew Page
  49. 9.1: The Mole in Chemical Reactions
  50. 9.2: Mole-Mass and Mass-Mass Calculations
  51. 9.3: Mass to Mass Calculations
  52. 9.4: Limiting Reagents
  53. 9.5: Yields
  54. 10: Introduction to Energy
  55. 10.1: Conservation of Mass - There is No New Matter
  56. 10.2: Energy
  57. 10.3: Energy and Chemical and Physical Change
  58. 10.4: Internal Energy
  59. 10.5: Work and Heat
  60. 10.6: Enthalpy and Chemical Reactions
  61. 11: Electronic Structure
  62. 11.1: Light
  63. 11.2: Quantum Numbers for Electrons
  64. 11.3: Organization of Electrons in Atoms
  65. 11.4: Electronic Structure and the Periodic Table
  66. 11.5: Periodic Trends
  67. 12: Chemical Bonds
  68. 12.1 Lewis Electron Dot Diagrams
  69. 12.2: Ionic and Covalent Bonds
  70. 12.3: Bond Polarity
  71. 12.4: Covalent Bonds and Lewis Structures
  72. 12.5: Electron Transfer - Ionic Bonds
  73. 12.6: Lewis Structures
  74. 12.7: Violations of the Octet Rule
  75. 12.8: Molecular Shapes
  76. 12.9: Polar Molecules
  77. 13: Gases
  78. 13.10: Gas Stoichometry
  79. 13.1: Kinetic Theory of Gases
  80. 13.2: Gas Pressure
  81. 13.3: Gas Laws - Boyle's Law - Pressure and Volume
  82. 13.4: Gas Laws - Charles Law - Volume and Temperature
  83. 13.5: Gas Laws - Gay-Lussac's Law - Pressure and Temperature
  84. 13.6: Gas Laws - Avogadro's Law - Volume and Moles
  85. 13.7: Gas Laws - Combined Gas Law - Pressure, Volume and Temperature
  86. 13.8: The Ideal Gas Law and Some Applications
  87. 13.9: Gas Mixtures - Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
  88. 14: Solids and Liquids
  89. 14.1: Prelude to Solids and Liquids
  90. 14.2: Intermolecular Forces
  91. 14.3: Phase Transitions - Melting, Boiling, and Subliming
  92. 14.4: Properties of Liquids
  93. 14.5: Solids
  94. 15: Solutions
  95. 15.1: Definitions
  96. 15.2: Quantitative Units of Concentration
  97. 15.3: Solution Concentration - Molality, Mass Percent, ppm and ppb
  98. 15.3: Solution Concentration - Molarity
  99. 15.4: Solution Concentration - Molality, Mass Percent, ppm and ppb
  100. 15.5: Dilutions and Concentrations
  101. 15.6: Concentrations as Conversion Factors
  102. 15.7: Acid-Base Titrations
  103. 15.8: Normality
  104. 16: Acids and Bases
  105. 16.1: Arrhenius Acids and Bases
  106. 16.2: Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
  107. 16.3: Strong and Weak Electrolytes
  108. 16.4: Strong and Weak Acids and Bases and their Salts
  109. 16.5 Autoionization of Water
  110. 16.6 The pH Scale
  111. 16.7: Buffers
  112. 17: Chemical Equilibrium
  113. 17.1: Prelude to Chemical Equilibrium
  114. 17.2: Chemical Equilibrium
  115. 17.3: The Equilibrium Constant
  116. 17.4: Heterogeneous Equilibria
  117. 17.5: Shifting Equilibria - Le Chatelier's Principle
  118. 17.6: Calculating Equilibrium Values
  119. 17.7: Solubility Equilibria
  120. 18: Oxidation and Reduction
  121. 18.1: Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
  122. 18.2: Balancing Redox Reactions By Inspection
  123. 18.3: Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Using the Half Reaction Method
  124. 18.4: Balancing Redox Reactions in Solution
  125. 18.5: Electrochemical Reaction
  126. 18.6: Batteries
  127. 18.7: Corrosion
  128. 18.8: Voltaic Cells
  129. 18.9: Electrolysis
  130. 19: Nuclear Chemistry
  131. 19.01: Radioactivity
  132. 19.02: The History and Basics of Fission
  133. 19.03: Instruments for Radiation Detection
  134. 19.04: Half-Life
  135. 19.5: Uses of Radioactive Isotopes
  136. 19.06: Nuclear Energy
  137. 19.07: Fission and Fusion
  138. 19.08: Nuclear Reactors
  139. 19.09: Breeder Reactors
  140. 19.10: Nuclear Fusion
  141. 19.11: Biological Effects of Radiation
  142. 20: Organic Chemistry
  143. 20.01: Organic Chemistry
  144. 20.02: Straight-Chain Alkanes
  145. 20.03: Branched Alkanes
  146. 20.04: Isomers
  147. 20.05: Alkenes and Alkynes
  148. 20.06: Aromatic Hydrocarbons
  149. 20.07 Functional Groups
  150. 20.08: Alcohols
  151. 20.09: Aldehydes and Ketones
  152. 20.10: Carboxylic Acids
  153. 20.11: Esters
  154. 20.12: Addition Reactions
  155. 20.13: Substitution Reactions
  156. 20.14: Oxidation Reactions
  157. 20.15: Condensation Reactions
  158. 20.16: Polymerization - Addition Polymers
  159. 20.17: Polymerization - Condensation Polymers
  160. 21: Biochemistry
  161. 21.01: Protein Structure
  162. 21.02: Enzymes
  163. 21.03: Monosaccharides
  164. 21.04: Disaccharides
  165. 21.05: Polysaccharides
  166. 21.06: Nucleic Acids
  167. 21.07: DNA and RNA
  168. 21.08: Genetic Code
  169. 21.09: Protein Synthesis
  170. 21.10: Lipids
  171. 21.11: Nonpolar Lipids
  172. 21.12: Phospholipids
  173. 21.13: Steroids
  174. 1.16: Back Matter
  175. Front Matter
  176. TitlePage
  177. InfoPage
  178. Table of Contents
  179. Licensing
  180. Back Matter
  181. Index
  182. Glossary
  183. Detailed Licensing