Opening the book…
7.1
Most of lanthanide ions are stable in the 3+ oxidation states but Ce4+ and Eu2+ are stable ions and solubilities and adsorption ability in the solvent extraction are significantly different from those of other lanthanides which makes the separation easier.
7.2
\[\frac{N}{N_{0}} = e^{- \lambda \times \frac{\ln 2}{\lambda} \times 10} = e^{- \ln 10} = 2^{-10} = 9.77 \times 10^{-4} \nonumber \]
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