Introduction to Genetics

by Ying Liu

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Publisher
City College of San Francisco
Subjects
Biology
Licence
Several licences (each page states its own), as LibreTexts states it
Who can read
Tweens profiles and older, judged from its title and subjects

Contents

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  1. Front Matter
  2. TitlePage
  3. InfoPage
  4. Table of Contents
  5. Licensing
  6. 1: DNA, Genes, Chromosomes and Genome
  7. 1.1: Introduction
  8. 1.2: DNA is the Genetic Material
  9. 1.3: DNA Structure
  10. 1.4: Genes are the Basic Units of Inheritance
  11. 1.5: Genes and Genomes
  12. 1.6: Model Organisms Facilitate Genetic Advances
  13. 1.E: Overview, DNA, and Genes (Exercises)
  14. 1.S: Overview, DNA, and Genes (Summary)
  15. 2: Cells and Mitosis
  16. 2.1: Introduction
  17. 2.2: Studying Cells
  18. 2.3: DNA is Packaged into Chromatin
  19. 2.4: The Cell Cycle and Changes in DNA Content
  20. 2.5: Karyotypes Describe Chromosome Number and Structure
  21. 2.6: Key Words and Terms
  22. 3: Meiosis - Sexual Reproduction
  23. 3.1: Overview of Meiosis
  24. 3.2: Meiosis I
  25. 3.3: Meiosis II
  26. 3.4: Meiosis
  27. 3.5: Comparing Meiosis and Mitosis
  28. 3.6: Errors in Meiosis
  29. 4: Mendelian Genetics
  30. 4.1: Introduction
  31. 4.2: Introduction
  32. 4.3: Mendel’s Experiments
  33. 4.4: Punnett Squares and Test Crosses
  34. 4.5: Laws of Inheritance
  35. 4.6: Mendel’s First Law
  36. 4.7: Relationships Between Genes, Genotypes and Phenotypes
  37. 4.8: Pedigree Analysis
  38. 4.8.1: Symbols used in Pedigree Charts
  39. 4.8.2: Modes of Inheritance
  40. 4.8.3: Sporadic and Non-Heritable Diseases
  41. 4.8.4: Calculating Probabilities Using Pedigree Charts
  42. 4.8.5: Chapter 4 Summary
  43. 4.8.6: Key Terms in Chapter 4
  44. 4.8.7: Chapter 4 Study Questions
  45. 4.8.8: Chapter 4 Answers
  46. 4.9: Pedigrees and Punnett Squares
  47. 4.10: Biochemical Basis of Dominance
  48. 4.11: Black fur color - a dominant trait
  49. 4.12: Yellow fur color - a recessive trait
  50. 4.13: Sex-Linkage- An Exception to Mendel’s First Law
  51. 4.14: Phenotypes May Not Be As Expected from the Genotype
  52. 4.15: Phenotypic Ratios May Not Be As Expected
  53. 4.16: Extensions of the Laws of Inheritance
  54. 4.E: Genetic Analysis of Single Genes (Exercises)
  55. 4.S: Genetic Analysis of Single Genes (Summary)
  56. 5: Genetic Analysis of Multiple Genes
  57. 5.1: Dihybrid Crosses
  58. 5.2: Epistasis and Other Gene Interactions
  59. 5.3: Example of Multiple Genes Affecting One Character
  60. 5.4: Alleles at a Single Locus
  61. 5.4.1: Introduction
  62. 5.4.2: Somatic vs. Germline Mutations
  63. 5.4.3: Alleles- Hetero-, Homo-, Hemizygosity
  64. 5.4.4: Pleiotropy vs. Polygenic Inheritance
  65. 5.4.5: Types of Dominance
  66. 5.4.6: Biochemical Basis of Dominance
  67. 5.4.7: Classification of Mutants
  68. 5.4.8: Muller's Morphs
  69. 5.4.9: Chapter 6 Summary
  70. 5.4.10: Key Terms in Chapter 6
  71. 5.4.11: Chapter 6 Study Questions
  72. 5.4.12: Chapter 6 Answers
  73. 5.E: Genetic Analysis of Multiple Genes (Exercises)
  74. 5.S: Genetic Analysis of Multiple Genes (Summary)
  75. 6: Sex Chromosomes Sex Linkage
  76. 6.1: Introduction
  77. 6.2: Autosomes and Sex Chromosomes
  78. 6.3: Pseudo-Autosomal Regions on the X and Y Chromosomes
  79. 6.4: Sex Linkage- An Exception to Mendel's First Law
  80. 6.5: Y-Linked Genes
  81. 6.6: Chapter 10 Summary
  82. 6.7: Key Terms in Chapter 10
  83. 6.8: Chapter 10 Study Questions
  84. 6.9: Chapter 10 Answers
  85. 7: DNA Structure and Function
  86. 7.1: Introduction
  87. 7.2: Historical Basis of Modern Understanding
  88. 7.3: DNA Structure and Sequencing
  89. 7.4: Basics of DNA Replication
  90. 7.5: DNA Replication in Prokaryotes
  91. 7.6: DNA Replication in Eukaryotes
  92. 7.7: DNA Repair
  93. 7.8: Key Terms
  94. 7.9: Chapter Summary
  95. 7.10: Visual Connection Questions
  96. 7.11: Review Questions
  97. 7.12: Critical Thinking Questions
  98. 8: Genes and Proteins
  99. 8.1: Introduction
  100. 8.2: The Genetic Code
  101. 8.3: Prokaryotic Transcription
  102. 8.4: Eukaryotic Transcription
  103. 8.5: RNA Processing in Eukaryotes
  104. 8.6: Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis
  105. 8.7: Gene Expression
  106. 8.7.1: Introduction
  107. 8.7.2: Regulation of Gene Expression
  108. 8.7.3: Prokaryotic Gene Regulation
  109. 8.7.4: Eukaryotic Epigenetic Gene Regulation
  110. 8.7.5: Eukaryotic Transcription Gene Regulation
  111. 8.7.6: Eukaryotic Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation
  112. 8.7.7: Eukaryotic Translational and Post-translational Gene Regulation
  113. 8.7.8: Cancer and Gene Regulation
  114. 8.7.9: Key Terms
  115. 8.7.10: Chapter Summary
  116. 8.7.11: Visual Connection Questions
  117. 8.7.12: Review Questions
  118. 8.7.13: Critical Thinking Questions
  119. 8.8: Key Terms
  120. 8.9: Chapter Summary
  121. 8.10: Visual Connection Questions
  122. 8.11: Regulation of Gene Expression
  123. 8.11.1: The lac Operon
  124. 8.11.2: The Use of Mutants to Study the lac Operon
  125. 8.11.3: Eukaryotic Gene Regulation
  126. 8.11.4: Regulatory Elements in Evolution
  127. 8.11.5: Additional Levels of Regulating Transcription
  128. 8.11.6: Epigenetics
  129. 8.11.7: Regulation of Gene Expression (Exercises)
  130. 8.11.8: Gene Expression Essentials
  131. 8.11.S: Regulation of Gene Expression (Summary)
  132. 8.12: Review Questions
  133. 8.13: Critical Thinking Questions
  134. 9: Mutation and Variation
  135. 9.1: Mutation and Polymorphism
  136. 9.2: Origins of Mutations
  137. 9.3: Genetic screening for mutations- Forward genetics
  138. 9.4: Types of Mutations
  139. 9.5: Some mutations may not have detectable phenotypes
  140. 9.6: Complementation tests and Allelism
  141. 9.7: Example of Human Mutations
  142. 9.8: Linkage and Mapping
  143. 9.8.1: Linkage
  144. 9.8.2: Recombination
  145. 9.8.3: Linkage Reduces Recombination Frequency
  146. 9.8.4: Crossovers Allow Recombination of Linked Loci
  147. 9.8.5: Inferring Recombination From Genetic Data
  148. 9.8.6: Genetic Mapping
  149. 9.8.7: Mapping With Three-Point Crosses
  150. 9.8.E: Linkage and Mapping (Exercises)
  151. 9.8.S: Linkage and Mapping (Summary)
  152. 9.E: Mutation and Variation (Exercises)
  153. 9.S: Mutation and Variation (Summary)
  154. 10: Changes in Chromosome Number and Structure
  155. 10.1: Changes in Chromosome Number
  156. 10.2: Changes in Chromosome Structure
  157. 10.3: Chromosome Abnormalities in Humans
  158. 10.4: Diagnosing Human Chromosome Abnormalities
  159. 10.E: Changes in Chromosome Number and Structure (Exercises)
  160. 10.S: Changes in Chromosome Number and Structure (Summary)
  161. 11: Pedigrees and Populations
  162. 11.1: Prelude to Pedigrees and Populations
  163. 11.2: Pedigree Analysis
  164. 11.3: Inferring the Mode of Inheritance
  165. 11.4: Sporadic and Non-Heritable Diseases
  166. 11.5: Calculating Probabilities
  167. 11.6: Population Genetics
  168. 11.E: Pedigrees and Populations (Exercises)
  169. 11.S: Pedigrees and Populations (Summary)
  170. 12: Techniques of Molecular Genetics
  171. 12.1: Prelude to Molecular Genetics
  172. 12.2: Isolating Genomic DNA
  173. 12.3: Isolating or Detecting a Specific Sequence by PCR
  174. 12.4: Cutting and Pasting DNA- Restriction Digests and DNA Ligation
  175. 12.5: Cloning DNA - Plasmid Vectors
  176. 12.6: DNA Analysis - Gel Electrophoresis
  177. 12.7: DNA Analysis- Blotting and Hybridization
  178. 12.8: Transgenic organisms
  179. 12.9: Techniques of Molecular Genetics (Exercises)
  180. 12.S: Techniques of Molecular Genetics (Summary)
  181. 13: Cancer Genetics
  182. 13.1: Classification of Cancers
  183. 13.2: Cancer Cell Biology
  184. 13.3: Hallmarks of Cancer
  185. 13.4: Mutagens and Carcinogens
  186. 13.5: Oncogenes
  187. 13.6: Tumor Suppressor Genes
  188. 13.7: The “Poster Boy” of Genetic Research Leading to a Cancer Treatment – Gleevec™ (Imatinib)
  189. 13.8: Genes and COVID-19 Susceptibility in Humans
  190. 13.8.1: Introduction
  191. 13.8.2: How Does SARS-Cov-2 Infect Humans?
  192. 13.8.3: Genes Implicated in Severe COVID-19 Infection in Humans
  193. 13.8.4: Approaches for Vaccine Development Against SARS‐Cov‐2
  194. 13.8.5: Chapter 13 Summary
  195. 13.8.6: Key Terms in Chapter 13
  196. 13.E: Cancer Genetics (Exercises)
  197. 13.S: Cancer Genetics (Summary)
  198. 14: Genomics and Systems Biology
  199. 14.1: ‘Omics Technologies
  200. 14.2: DNA Sequencing
  201. 14.3: Whole Genome Sequencing
  202. 14.4: Functional Genomics – Determining Function(s)
  203. 14.E: Genomics and Systems Biology (Exercises)
  204. 14.S: Genomics and Systems Biology (Summary)
  205. 15: Molecular Markers and Quantitative Traits
  206. 15.1: Some Variations in the Genome Affect Complex Traits
  207. 15.2: Origins of Molecular Polymorphisms
  208. 15.3: Classification and Detection of Molecular Markers
  209. 15.4: Applications of Molecular Markers
  210. 15.5: Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) Analysis
  211. 15.E: Molecular Markers and Quantitative Traits (Exercises)
  212. 15.S: Molecular Markers and Quantitative Traits (Summary)
  213. 16: Appendix 1 – Simple Nomenclature
  214. 16.1: Textbook Introduction
  215. 16.2: Why Use Nomenclature?
  216. 16.3: Biochemistry of Gene Behavior
  217. 16.4: Basic Nomenclature
  218. 16.5: Three-­Letter Symbols
  219. 16.6: Linked Genes
  220. 16.7: Summary
  221. Back Matter
  222. Index
  223. Glossary
  224. Detailed Licensing