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32: Ecosystems

Supplement to OpenStax Biology 2e for Norco College · LibreTexts

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    From LibreTexts, under CC BY 4.0, as the source states it; its equations are written in TeX, which the PDF shows typeset. This page at LibreTexts.

    Ecosystem ecology is the integrated study of living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of ecosystems and their interactions within an ecosystem framework. This science examines how ecosystems work and relates this to their components such as chemicals, bedrock, soil, plants, and animals.

    Thumbnail: A bumblebee pollinating a flower, one example of an ecosystem service. (CC BY-SA3.0; Roo72).

    This page titled 32: Ecosystems was last modified on Wed, 30 Aug 2023 22:17:13 GMT and is shared under a CC BY 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by OpenStax via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform.