OpenStax Biology 2e for Norco College

by teresa friedrich finnern

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Publisher
Norco College
Subjects
Biology
Licence
CC BY 4.0, as LibreTexts states it
Who can read
Tweens profiles and older, judged from its title and subjects

Contents

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  1. Front Matter
  2. TitlePage
  3. InfoPage
  4. Table of Contents
  5. 1: The Study of Life
  6. 1.1: Introduction
  7. 1.2: The Science of Biology
  8. 1.3: Themes and Concepts of Biology
  9. 1.4: Chapter Summary
  10. 2: The Chemical Foundation of Life
  11. 2.1: Introduction
  12. 2.2: Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules - The Building Blocks
  13. 2.3: Water
  14. 2.4: Carbon
  15. 2.5: Chapter Summary
  16. 3: Biological Macromolecules
  17. 3.1: Introduction
  18. 3.2: Synthesis of Biological Macromolecules
  19. 3.3: Carbohydrates
  20. 3.4: Lipids
  21. 3.5: Proteins
  22. 3.6: Nucleic Acids
  23. 3.7: Chapter Summary
  24. 4: Cell Structure
  25. 4.1: Introduction
  26. 4.2: Studying Cells
  27. 4.3: Prokaryotic Cells
  28. 4.4: Eukaryotic Cells
  29. 4.5: The Endomembrane System and Proteins
  30. 4.6: The Cytoskeleton
  31. 4.7: Connections between Cells and Cellular Activities
  32. 4.8: Chapter Summary
  33. 5: Structure and Function of Plasma Membranes
  34. 5.1: Introduction
  35. 5.2: Components and Structure
  36. 5.3: Passive Transport
  37. 5.4: Active Transport
  38. 5.5: Bulk Transport
  39. 5.6: Chapter Summary
  40. 6: Metabolism
  41. 6.1: Introduction
  42. 6.2: Energy and Metabolism
  43. 6.3: Potential, Kinetic, Free, and Activation Energy
  44. 6.4: The Laws of Thermodynamics
  45. 6.5: ATP- Adenosine Triphosphate
  46. 6.6: Enzymes
  47. 6.7: Chapter Summary
  48. 7: Plant Form and Function
  49. 7.1: Introduction
  50. 7.2: The Plant Body
  51. 7.3: Stems
  52. 7.4: Roots
  53. 7.5: Leaves
  54. 7.6: Chapter Summary
  55. 8: Photosynthesis
  56. 8.1: Introduction
  57. 8.2: Overview of Photosynthesis
  58. 8.3: The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis
  59. 8.4: Using Light Energy to Make Organic Molecules
  60. 8.5: Chapter Summary
  61. 9: Cellular Respiration
  62. 9.1: Introduction
  63. 9.2: Energy in Living Systems
  64. 9.3: Glycolysis
  65. 9.4: Oxidation of Pyruvate and the Citric Acid Cycle
  66. 9.5: Oxidative Phosphorylation
  67. 9.6: Metabolism without Oxygen
  68. 9.7: Connections of Carbohydrate, Protein, and Lipid Metabolic Pathways
  69. 9.8: Regulation of Cellular Respiration
  70. 9.9: Chapter Summary
  71. 10: Cell Reproduction
  72. 10.1: Introduction
  73. 10.2: Cell Division
  74. 10.3: The Cell Cycle
  75. 10.4: Control of the Cell Cycle
  76. 10.5: Cancer and the Cell Cycle
  77. 10.6: Prokaryotic Cell Division
  78. 10.7: Chapter Summary
  79. 11: Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction
  80. 11.1: Introduction
  81. 11.2: The Process of Meiosis
  82. 11.3: Sexual Reproduction
  83. 11.4: Chapter Summary
  84. 12: Mendel's Experiments and Heredity
  85. 12.1: Introduction
  86. 12.2: Mendel’s Experiments and the Laws of Probability
  87. 12.3: Characteristics and Traits
  88. 12.4: Laws of Inheritance
  89. 12.5: Chapter Summary
  90. 13: Modern Understandings of Inheritance
  91. 13.1: Introduction
  92. 13.2: Chromosomal Theory and Genetic Linkage
  93. 13.3: Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders
  94. 13.4: Chapter Summary
  95. 14: DNA Structure and Function
  96. 14.1: Introduction
  97. 14.2: Historical Basis of Modern Understanding
  98. 14.3: DNA Structure and Sequencing
  99. 14.4: Basics of DNA Replication
  100. 14.5: DNA Replication in Prokaryotes
  101. 14.6: DNA Replication in Eukaryotes
  102. 14.7: DNA Repair
  103. 14.8: Chapter Summary
  104. 15: Genes and Proteins
  105. 15.1: Introduction
  106. 15.2: The Genetic Code
  107. 15.3: Prokaryotic Transcription
  108. 15.4: Eukaryotic Transcription
  109. 15.5: RNA Processing in Eukaryotes
  110. 15.6: Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis
  111. 15.7: Chapter Summary
  112. 16: Gene Expression
  113. 16.1: Introduction
  114. 16.2: Regulation of Gene Expression
  115. 16.3: Prokaryotic Gene Regulation
  116. 16.4: Eukaryotic Epigenetic Gene Regulation
  117. 16.5: Eukaryotic Transcription Gene Regulation
  118. 16.6: Eukaryotic Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation
  119. 16.7: Eukaryotic Translational and Post-translational Gene Regulation
  120. 16.8: Cancer and Gene Regulation
  121. 16.9: Chapter Summary
  122. 17: Biotechnology and Genomics
  123. 17.1: Introduction
  124. 17.2: Biotechnology
  125. 17.3: Mapping Genomes
  126. 17.4: Whole-Genome Sequencing
  127. 17.5: Applying Genomics
  128. 17.6: Genomics and Proteomics
  129. 17.7: Chapter Summary
  130. 18: Evolution and the Origin of Species
  131. 18.1: Introduction
  132. 18.2: Understanding Evolution
  133. 18.3: Formation of New Species
  134. 18.4: Reconnection and Speciation Rates
  135. 18.5: Chapter Summary
  136. 19: The Evolution of Populations
  137. 19.1: Introduction
  138. 19.2: Population Evolution
  139. 19.3: Population Genetics
  140. 19.4: Adaptive Evolution
  141. 19.5: Chapter Summary
  142. 20: Phylogenies and the History of Life
  143. 20.1: Introduction
  144. 20.2: Organizing Life on Earth
  145. 20.3: Determining Evolutionary Relationships
  146. 20.4: Perspectives on the Phylogenetic Tree
  147. 20.5: Chapter Summary
  148. 21: Viruses
  149. 21.1: Introduction
  150. 21.2: Viral Evolution, Morphology, and Classification
  151. 21.3: Virus Infections and Hosts
  152. 21.4: Prevention and Treatment of Viral Infections
  153. 21.5: Other Acellular Entities - Prions and Viroids
  154. 21.6: Chapter Summary
  155. 22: Prokaryotes - Bacteria and Archaea
  156. 22.1: Introduction
  157. 22.2: Prokaryotic Diversity
  158. 22.3: Structure of Prokaryotes- Bacteria and Archaea
  159. 22.4: Prokaryotic Metabolism
  160. 22.5: Bacterial Diseases in Humans
  161. 22.6: Beneficial Prokaryotes
  162. 22.7: Chapter Summary
  163. 23: Protists
  164. 23.1: Introduction
  165. 23.2: Eukaryotic Origins
  166. 23.3: Characteristics of Protists
  167. 23.4: Groups of Protists
  168. 23.5: Ecology of Protists
  169. 23.6: Chapter Summary
  170. 24: Fungi
  171. 24.1: Introduction
  172. 24.2: Characteristics of Fungi
  173. 24.3: Classifications of Fungi
  174. 24.4: Ecology of Fungi
  175. 24.5: Fungal Parasites and Pathogens
  176. 24.6: Importance of Fungi in Human Life
  177. 24.7: Chapter Summary
  178. 25: Seedless Plants
  179. 25.1: Introduction
  180. 25.2: Early Plant Life
  181. 25.3: Green Algae - Precursors of Land Plants
  182. 25.4: Bryophytes
  183. 25.5: Seedless Vascular Plants
  184. 25.6: Chapter Summary
  185. 26: Seed Plants
  186. 26.1: Introduction
  187. 26.2: Evolution of Seed Plants
  188. 26.3: Gymnosperms
  189. 26.4: Angiosperms
  190. 26.5: The Role of Seed Plants
  191. 26.6: Chapter Summary
  192. 27: Introduction to Animal Diversity
  193. 27.1: Introduction
  194. 27.2: Features of the Animal Kingdom
  195. 27.3: Features Used to Classify Animals
  196. 27.4: Animal Phylogeny
  197. 27.5: The Evolutionary History of the Animal Kingdom
  198. 27.6: Chapter Summary
  199. 28: Invertebrates
  200. 28.1: Introduction
  201. 28.2: Phylum Porifera
  202. 28.3: Phylum Cnidaria
  203. 28.4: Superphylum Lophotrochozoa- Flatworms, Rotifers, and Nemerteans
  204. 28.5: Superphylum Lophotrochozoa- Molluscs and Annelids
  205. 28.6: Superphylum Ecdysozoa- Nematodes and Tardigrades
  206. 28.7: Superphylum Ecdysozoa- Arthropods
  207. 28.8: Superphylum Deuterostomia
  208. 28.9: Chapter Summary
  209. 29: Vertebrates
  210. 29.1: Introduction
  211. 29.2: Chordates
  212. 29.3: Fishes
  213. 29.4: Amphibians
  214. 29.5: Reptiles
  215. 29.6: Birds
  216. 29.7: Mammals
  217. 29.8: The Evolution of Primates
  218. 29.9: Chapter Summary
  219. 30: Ecology and the Biosphere
  220. 30.1: Introduction
  221. 30.2: The Scope of Ecology
  222. 30.3: Biogeography
  223. 30.4: Terrestrial Biomes
  224. 30.5: Aquatic Biomes
  225. 30.6: Climate and the Effects of Global Climate Change
  226. 30.7: Chapter Summary
  227. 31: Population and Community Ecology
  228. 31.1: Introduction
  229. 31.2: Population Demography
  230. 31.3: Life Histories and Natural Selection
  231. 31.4: Environmental Limits to Population Growth
  232. 31.5: Population Dynamics and Regulation
  233. 31.6: Human Population Growth
  234. 31.7: Community Ecology
  235. 31.8: Chapter Summary
  236. 32: Ecosystems
  237. 32.1: Introduction
  238. 32.2: Ecology of Ecosystems
  239. 32.3: Energy Flow through Ecosystems
  240. 32.4: Biogeochemical Cycles
  241. 32.5: Chapter Summary
  242. 33: Conservation Biology and Biodiversity
  243. 33.1: Introduction
  244. 33.2: The Biodiversity Crisis
  245. 33.3: The Importance of Biodiversity to Human Life
  246. 33.4: Threats to Biodiversity
  247. 33.5: Preserving Biodiversity
  248. 33.6: Chapter Summary
  249. 34: Appendix
  250. 34.1: Appendix A- The Periodic Table of Elements
  251. 34.2: Appendix B- Geological Time
  252. 34.3: Appendix C- Measurements and the Metric System