Charities and the Commons: The Pittsburgh Survey, Part II. The Place and Its Social Forces

"Charities and the Commons: The Pittsburgh Survey, Part II. The Place and Its…" is a pioneering sociological study published between 1909 and 1914. Conducted by seventy investigators during 1907-1908, this landmark Progressive Era project examined industrial Pittsburgh when it served as America's prototypical factory city. The research documented working conditions, immigrant life, corporate power, and environmental problems affecting the smoky, hardscrabble city. Director Paul Kellogg aimed to combine scientific inquiry with reform, hoping to influence policy throughout industrial America through systematic exposure of urban social ills.

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