# GABA Explained: The Most Important Neurotransmitter (ft. Dr. Scott Sherr) | SNH Podcast #69

An episode of [Health Optimization Medicine Podcast](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/podcast/1663974629), 1 May 2024, 17 min.

Audio: https://traffic.libsyn.com/secure/672d8edf-a640-45ce-ac61-cd5f898a7b27/SNH_69_Audio.mp3?dest-id=3824325

In this episode of the Smarter Not Harder Podcast, Dr. Scott discusses GABA, your brain's natural calming agent. If you've ever wondered about the deeper reasons behind anxiety, insomnia, or chronic stress, this episode is a must-watch. Join us as we delve into: • What GABA is and why it's so important: Understand the role this crucial neurotransmitter plays in your mental and physical health. • Symptoms of GABA deficiency: Discover the wide range of conditions that might signal a need for GABA support. • How GABA is made: Learn how your body produces GABA and what nutrients (like vitamin B6 and magnesium) are essential for this process. • Natural ways to boost GABA levels: Explore herbs, supplements, and lifestyle adjustments that can enhance your GABA function. • The limitations and risks of prescription GABA drugs: Gain insights into why benzodiazepines and other GABA-targeting medications should be used with caution. This episode is for you if: • You struggle with anxiety, depression, insomnia, or unexplained chronic health issues. • You want natural alternatives to prescription sleep aids or anti-anxiety medications. • You're interested in the science behind mind-body health and how to optimize your brain function. 🚀 Don't miss out on this opportunity to gain valuable knowledge and take actionable steps towards a smarter, healthier lifestyle! Hit play now and join us on this enlightening journey! *You can also find this episode on…* Youtube: https://youtu.be/J3CespStvlw *Find more from Dr. Scott Sherr:* LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/drsherr/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/drscottsherr/ *Learn more about Smarter Not Harder:* Website: https://troscriptions.com/blogs/podcast | https://homehope.org Instagram: @troscriptions | @homehopeorg Get 10% Off your purchase of the Metabolomics Module by using PODCAST10 at https://www.homehope.org Get 10% Off your Troscriptions purchase by using POD10 at https://www.troscriptions.com Get daily content from the hosts of Smarter Not Harder by following @troscriptions on Instagram.

## Transcript

[0:01] Welcome, everybody.
[0:02] It's so nice to see so many
[0:03] of you here this morning.
[0:04] So I'm gonna be talking about GABA.
[0:06] What's GABA got to do with it?
[0:08] R.
[0:09] I.
[0:09] P.
[0:10] My name is Dr Scott.
[0:11] Sure.
[0:11] I'm the chief operating officer of Health
[0:13] Optimization, Medicine and Practice.
[0:15] Our nonprofit organization training
[0:16] doctors like you and practitioners
[0:19] like you how to optimize health rather
[0:20] than treat disease and treatment.
[0:22] I have a lot of fun with this talk.
[0:24] I've, this is something that actually Dr.
[0:27] Ted and I, but mostly Dr.
[0:28] Ted developed as a strategy for
[0:31] our overall understanding that
[0:34] nobody remembers the most important
[0:36] neurotransmitter in our opinion, GABA.
[0:39] Everybody remembers serotonin
[0:40] and dopamine and norepinephrine.
[0:42] These, these are the fancy ones.
[0:43] Everybody knows about these, but
[0:45] everybody forgets about GABA.
[0:47] So this is going to be a talk
[0:48] on how GABA is made, what GABA
[0:50] is and why we should care.
[0:51] Let's talk about top
[0:53] symptoms of GABA deficiency.
[0:56] So if you have a clinical practice,
[0:57] you probably have some of your
[0:59] patients with these symptoms.
[1:01] Anxiety, fear, depression, a short temper,
[1:04] phobias, impulsiveness, disorganization,
[1:08] addictions, schizophrenia,
[1:10] obsessive compulsive disorder.
[1:11] Any of your patients have any of these?
[1:12] Probably, right?
[1:13] But you're not thinking about
[1:14] GABA deficiency most of the time.
[1:16] And then systemic symptoms, these are
[1:18] also associated with GABA deficiency.
[1:20] IBS, diarrhea, high blood pressure,
[1:22] tinnitus, chronic pain, migraines,
[1:24] allergies, frequent urination, flushing,
[1:27] sweating, salt cravings, muscle tension.
[1:30] So all of these, could potentially
[1:32] be showing you that your patients and
[1:34] clients may have a GABA deficiency.
[1:37] It's not the first thing on many
[1:38] of our radars, of course, but maybe
[1:39] it should be part of that initial
[1:41] understanding of what might be going on.
[1:44] GABA is really important, and now even
[1:48] the drug industries are getting the idea.
[1:50] So this is the first drug
[1:52] Approved just recently.
[1:53] This is a New York Times article.
[1:55] The first pill for postpartum depression.
[1:57] And it's called, Zuranolone,
[1:59] I think is how you say it.
[2:01] And it is a positive allosteric
[2:03] modulator of the GABA receptor.
[2:04] We'll talk about what that is.
[2:05] But it's supposed to be
[2:06] used for the first 14 days.
[2:08] Only for two weeks.
[2:09] Supposedly, while you're taking another
[2:10] drug like an SSRI for that to work,
[2:12] but these work right away because
[2:14] it's affecting the GABA receptors s
[2:15] directly and improving depression almost
[2:18] immediately, too, which is pretty awesome.
[2:19] You don't have to go directly to drugs, of
[2:21] course, but sometimes they're necessary.
[2:23] So, let's talk about GABA synthesis.
[2:24] GABA is only made in the brain.
[2:26] Okay, you have to have glutamine,
[2:28] which is an amino acid, it's
[2:29] converted into glutamate.
[2:32] in the brain.
[2:32] And then glutamate is our
[2:34] excitatory neurotransmitter.
[2:35] And you have GABA, which is our
[2:37] inhibitory neurotransmitter.
[2:39] So 20 percent of the brain's
[2:41] neurotransmission is actually GABA.
[2:43] So it's a huge amount.
[2:44] And glutamate in GABA combined
[2:46] is about 80 percent actually.
[2:47] So it's the combination of the two is the
[2:49] majority of your neurotransmitter system.
[2:52] And to make glutamine into GABA, you need.
[2:56] You need this enzyme called
[2:57] glutamine synthesase.
[2:58] And then from glutamate to GABA itself,
[3:01] you have to convert this, you need
[3:02] vitamin B6, and you need magnesium.
[3:04] So you need cofactors along the
[3:06] way to make this conversion happen.
[3:08] Some people are really great
[3:09] at converting GABA into GABA.
[3:11] Some people are not very good at it.
[3:13] And a lot of times it's related to these
[3:14] cofactors, but there's other reasons, too.
[3:16] And see, here are some of those reasons.
[3:18] So, If you have a high copper level
[3:20] and a low zinc level, you're not
[3:21] going to be able to actually have the
[3:23] GABA receptor work as effectively.
[3:25] If you're vitamin B6 deficient, you're
[3:27] also not going to convert well from
[3:29] glutamate to GABA, as I mentioned.
[3:31] If you have chronic stress, if you
[3:32] have chronic hypercortisolemia, if
[3:34] you're always stressed, you're going
[3:35] to deplete your GABA system, and then
[3:37] your GABA levels are going to go down.
[3:39] If you're magnesium deficient, and
[3:41] most of our clients and patients
[3:43] are magnesium deficient, they're
[3:44] not going to convert well either.
[3:46] If you have infection, this
[3:47] is going to stress the system
[3:48] and also decrease GABA levels.
[3:50] Now, GABA supplementation may help your
[3:54] GABA levels, but actually under most
[3:55] circumstances it's not going to because
[3:57] GABA itself is a big molecule and doesn't
[4:00] go across the blood-brain barrier.
[4:01] Under , certain circumstances, it
[4:02] may, and we'll talk about that.
[4:04] And then probiotics can also help with
[4:06] this conversion, help with this enzyme.
[4:08] So, you can actually measure, and
[4:09] you saw some of these slides with Dr.
[4:11] Ted, you can actually measure
[4:12] people's vitamin B6 level, and if
[4:14] it's low, it's very likely they're not
[4:16] converting well from glutamate to GABA.
[4:18] So this is something to be thinking
[4:19] about, and this is why we do
[4:20] metabolomics testing as well.
[4:24] You can check their magnesium level.
[4:25] In this patient, in this client, it
[4:27] was a normal magnesium level, this is
[4:28] red blood cell magnesium, but a lot
[4:30] of our clients, it's going to be low.
[4:32] So if you have a low magnesium
[4:33] level, if you have low B6 levels.
[4:35] You're not going to convert
[4:36] well from glutamate to GABA.
[4:39] This is the GABA receptor.
[4:40] You don't have to worry
[4:40] about this too much.
[4:41] Just to know that it's
[4:42] a pentameric structure.
[4:44] It's got five subunits.
[4:45] And these subunits change depending on
[4:47] where the GABA receptor is in the brain.
[4:49] Sometimes they'll look one way and
[4:51] they'll have various combinations
[4:52] depending on what they're doing.
[4:53] GABA is everywhere in the brain.
[4:55] These GABA receptors, the subunits
[4:57] change depending on what's required and
[4:58] what's going on in that particular area.
[5:01] So this is the mechanism of the
[5:02] GABA receptor, so we're going
[5:03] to start with GABA A here.
[5:05] So you have activation of the receptor,
[5:07] you have opening of the central pore,
[5:09] you have influx of chloride, you have
[5:11] hyperpolarization, you have decreased
[5:13] occurrence of the action potential.
[5:14] So this all is saying that you're
[5:16] inhibiting the actual firing
[5:18] of this particular neuron
[5:19] that has the GABA receptor.
[5:21] So you're inhibiting the action potential.
[5:23] So you're stopping things, you're
[5:24] calming things down in general.
[5:26] Chloride goes through,
[5:28] and it hyperpolarizes.
[5:30] This is the GABA B receptor.
[5:32] It's called a G protein couple receptor.
[5:33] It's a little bit different, and it's
[5:35] called a metabotropic receptor, and I'll
[5:36] show you what this means in a minute.
[5:38] This is GABA B.
[5:39] So, GABA B itself, what it does,
[5:41] it's a presynaptic and postsynaptic.
[5:43] So, presynaptically, it's preventing,
[5:45] here, the release of an excitatory
[5:47] neurotransmitter, glutamate, which is
[5:49] what we've been talking about before,
[5:50] is the conversion of glutamate to GABA.
[5:52] And then you have the postsynaptic, here,
[5:53] which is increasing potassium outflux,
[5:56] which causes the hyperpolarization.
[5:57] It's a little bit different, and
[5:59] there's a different distribution of
[6:00] the GABA B receptors in the brain.
[6:03] So here's a quick summary.
[6:04] So GABA A is, it's called an ionotropic,
[6:07] or it's a ligand gated channel
[6:08] opening, and it's a pentamer structure.
[6:10] It's widespread as post synaptic influx.
[6:14] It's endogenous agonist is GABA.
[6:16] You have other drugs acting on it,
[6:18] which we'll talk about in a minute.
[6:19] Pharmacological actions here and then
[6:21] GABA B is, as you see here, it's
[6:24] also widespread, it's metabotropic,
[6:26] it's presynaptic and postsynaptic,
[6:28] and it has these particular,
[6:30] pharmacological actions as well,
[6:31] all right.
[6:32] So.
[6:33] There's a couple definitions here.
[6:34] So orthosteric ligands, these
[6:36] are chemicals that interact with
[6:38] the same binding site as the
[6:39] natural endogenous chemical.
[6:41] In this case, we're
[6:41] talking about GABA itself.
[6:44] So an allosteric ligand or allosteric
[6:46] modulator is something that works by
[6:48] modifying how the receptors behave when
[6:50] it's bound to the orthosteric ligand.
[6:52] So in this case, we're
[6:52] talking about a separate site.
[6:54] away from GABA that binds this
[6:56] particular modulator and then makes
[6:59] GABA work better or helps the binding or
[7:01] improves the chloride channel opening.
[7:03] And then a positive allosteric modulator
[7:05] is something that binds and it causes
[7:07] this positive response where you have
[7:08] an increased affinity of GABA to bind,
[7:10] you have more chloride going through,
[7:12] and you have more hyperpolarization.
[7:13] So this is a picture of the
[7:14] GABA receptor and ligand.
[7:16] So here's a couple, examples of
[7:17] what it looks like to have where
[7:19] GABA is binding and where some of
[7:21] these other drugs will bind to.
[7:24] So you have alcohol everybody used
[7:26] to love or maybe still loves alcohol.
[7:28] It's got a very high affinity
[7:30] for the GABA receptor.
[7:32] Very, very high affinity.
[7:33] Benzodiazepines here, very
[7:36] high affinity as well.
[7:37] Has anybody ever used Flamazenil before?
[7:39] I used it a couple of times in
[7:40] residency, I don't recommend it.
[7:42] It causes seizures because
[7:43] it has the opposite effect.
[7:45] GABA antagonist, so it prevents
[7:47] the chloride channel from opening.
[7:49] Zolpidem, which is the Z drugs,
[7:50] Ambien and others, they bind and bind
[7:53] very tightly to the GABA receptor.
[7:55] Quaaludes, anybody ever tried a Quaalude?
[7:57] I don't know how everybody, yeah.
[7:59] Dr.
[7:59] Ted, no, no.
[8:00] This is back in the 70s.
[8:02] So, but they also were, , A GABA
[8:03] binding here, an allosteric site,
[8:05] barbiturates, which we use sometimes
[8:07] for alcohol withdrawal, actually.
[8:09] Sometimes we'll still use those,
[8:10] but for pretty much not used
[8:11] otherwise, general anesthetics.
[8:13] And then finally, the GABA is
[8:15] where it's GABA binding itself.
[8:16] So that's where GABA is binding.
[8:18] And so all these other sites on the
[8:19] GABA receptor are places where other
[8:22] molecules can bind, increase or decrease
[8:25] the affinity of GABA binding and increase
[8:27] or decrease chloride channel opening.
[8:29] It's on the right side
[8:31] of your screen over there.
[8:32] You can see just a top view
[8:33] of the same thing happening.
[8:34] Benzos are probably the most common
[8:36] positive allosteric modulator of
[8:38] the GABA receptor that we use.
[8:39] Unfortunately, Benzos
[8:40] have a very high affinity.
[8:42] We're talking about Ativan,
[8:43] Xanax, Valium, those kinds of
[8:45] drugs have a very high affinity.
[8:47] affinity for the GABA receptor.
[8:48] So when somebody is taking these
[8:50] medications for long periods of time, they
[8:52] cause tolerance, they cause withdrawal,
[8:53] they can actually cause hallucinations
[8:56] and death and all those fun things too.
[8:58] So, but you can see here that what I
[9:00] wanted to point out is that there's
[9:01] different subunits of the Alpha
[9:02] 1 subunit of the GABA receptor is
[9:04] associated with sedation hypnosis.
[9:06] So this is actually a lot of
[9:06] your Z drugs, like your Ambien's
[9:09] and Lunesta's of the world.
[9:10] And then your Alpha 2 subunit is.
[9:12] It's more of your anxiolytic
[9:14] and muscle relaxer.
[9:15] So this is where your benzo
[9:15] is going to mostly bind.
[9:17] So in general, positive allosteric
[9:19] modulators are less addictive overall.
[9:23] However, that's not the case obviously
[9:25] for benzos and barbiturates and alcohol.
[9:28] And some of the natural equivalents that
[9:29] we'll talk about do have less of affinity,
[9:32] but still have significant impact.
[9:34] So drugs that act on the GABA
[9:35] B receptor, the most famous
[9:37] being, GHB gamma hydroxybutyrate.
[9:39] GHB is well known as the , date rape drug.
[9:41] But it's actually a fantastic drug
[9:42] for muscle relaxation, sleep, and
[9:45] has lots of great other indications,
[9:47] including narcolepsy actually.
[9:48] If anybody lives, listens to our podcast,
[9:50] the Smarter Not Harder podcast, I had a
[9:52] really great conversation with a guy named
[9:54] Dan Party, who was involved in getting
[9:56] GHB to market for pharmaceutical reasons
[9:58] with very interesting talk with him.
[9:59] So we're going to switch over here.
[10:03] So GABA cell GABA in general.
[10:06] The cells that have GABA receptors
[10:08] are mostly what we call inter neurons.
[10:10] These are neurons that are
[10:11] between neurons, inter neurons,
[10:13] and they're really important for
[10:14] learning, for memory, for behavior.
[10:16] They're kind of like the way
[10:17] stations between sensory and motor
[10:19] processing, and even though they're
[10:21] really small, like if you can't
[10:22] really see here, but it's a tiny one.
[10:24] Like, the GABA here, but this is the
[10:25] big dopamine receptor, , neuron, the big
[10:27] 5 HTP, the big serotonin neuron here.
[10:29] But you have, like, the small GABA.
[10:31] This is doing a lot of the
[10:32] processing between them.
[10:34] So they're extremely important, and
[10:35] they're actually in these locations
[10:37] to make sure that they can actually be
[10:38] those wave stations to prevent signaling.
[10:41] Oftentimes, in our brain, it's
[10:42] actually preventing signaling
[10:43] that's most important, not
[10:45] propagating, interestingly enough.
[10:47] Okay.
[10:48] So we're going to talk about how
[10:49] you can dim your GABA switches
[10:50] without a prescription required.
[10:52] And, but the first thing to say is
[10:53] that most GABA supplements don't work.
[10:55] And we, and I was mentioning that
[10:56] earlier, it's because GABA is such
[10:58] a big molecule, it doesn't get
[10:59] across the blood brain barrier.
[11:01] If you do have patients that are taking
[11:02] GABA and they are getting an effect,
[11:05] it could mean that they have a leaky
[11:06] brain, leaky gut axis, potentially.
[11:09] There are some formulations, maybe
[11:11] nanoliposomal, for example, that may work.
[11:12] But in general, if they're getting a
[11:14] significant impact from GABA itself,
[11:16] at least clinically, I've seen that
[11:17] they often have a leaky gut, and that
[11:19] usually means they have a leaky brain.
[11:21] I don't like telling patients
[11:22] they have a leaky brain because
[11:23] that doesn't sound that great.
[11:24] I usually say that your
[11:25] blood brain barrier may not
[11:26] be as great as it should be.
[11:28] But anyway, so you can also, of
[11:29] course, give glutamine and glutamates.
[11:32] So glutamine is an amino acid, it's
[11:35] in various types of foods, meat,
[11:38] Spinach, and fish as well, of course.
[11:40] And so you can get glutamine from a lot
[11:41] of different sources, but what we do in
[11:43] health optimization medicine and practice,
[11:45] we test for these kinds of things.
[11:46] We test vitamin B6, we test
[11:48] for magnesium, we test their
[11:50] glutamine levels, and we can tell.
[11:51] And if they have a certain symptomatology
[11:53] and they have certain co factor
[11:55] deficiencies, well, you know, we know
[11:57] that they're probably GABA deficient too.
[11:58] MSG.
[11:59] Everybody loves MSG.
[12:00] Everybody actually doesn't love MSG.
[12:01] It's monosodium glutamate, right?
[12:03] This is what you can get
[12:04] in Chinese restaurants.
[12:05] They make the food nice and sweet
[12:06] for you, but you get a headache.
[12:07] That's because you get all of a sudden
[12:09] this huge rise in glutamate, and you have
[12:11] to get that conversion over to glutamate,
[12:13] to GABA, and that can take some time.
[12:16] And nicotinyl GABA.
[12:17] So this is a really cool form of
[12:19] GABA that's attached to a vitamin B3.
[12:21] And when you do this, you actually
[12:23] allow this molecule, nicotinyl
[12:24] GABA, to get through the blood
[12:26] brain barrier very easily.
[12:27] And then it hydrolyzes
[12:28] to vitamin B3 and GABA.
[12:29] And when that happens, you get this
[12:31] nice vitamin B3 effect, which is
[12:32] mild vasodilation and mild energy
[12:35] production, , At the same time, your
[12:37] GABA itself, getting into the brain,
[12:39] increasing, your GABA ability and
[12:41] increasing GABA binding to its receptor.
[12:43] So relaxation.
[12:44] What's nice about this is it's
[12:45] not very sedating for most people.
[12:47] So if you have anxiety and stress
[12:48] during the day, you can take nicotinyl
[12:49] GABA and you don't feel tired.
[12:51] You just don't feel stressed, anybody use
[12:53] valerian root before for patients, right?
[12:55] So very common.
[12:56] This is actually a valerian
[12:58] root, something that actually
[12:59] binds to the benzo site.
[13:01] So it's a positive allosteric
[13:04] modulator of the GABA receptor.
[13:05] Doesn't bind as tightly, but it does work
[13:07] really well for some people for sleep.
[13:09] Covain, which is the
[13:10] active ingredient in Kava.
[13:11] It's actually a similar binding site.
[13:13] Also a positive allosteric
[13:14] modulator of the GABA receptor.
[13:16] Honokyl.
[13:17] Anybody used Honokyl as well?
[13:19] So this is from Magnolia Bark.
[13:21] Also binds as a positive allosteric
[13:23] modulator to the GABA receptor.
[13:25] Works really well, for a lot of people.
[13:27] Does anybody know what this is?
[13:30] It's a mushroom it's a
[13:31] very famous mushroom.
[13:32] It's called Flyagaric, or
[13:34] Amanita muscaria is the other
[13:35] name for it, of Christmas lore.
[13:38] Does anybody know about the
[13:39] Christmas tales of Amanita?
[13:41] Amanita has two compounds in it, mostly.
[13:44] It's got a lot of other
[13:44] things, but two major ones.
[13:46] One is called agarin, otherwise
[13:48] named muscimol, and another
[13:50] one is called ibotenic acid.
[13:52] Ibotenic acid is neurotoxic.
[13:54] This is the one that mostly causes
[13:55] the psychedelic experiences of
[13:57] taking this particular mushroom.
[13:59] But, you don't mostly take
[14:00] this mushroom directly.
[14:02] The stories were that shamans would
[14:04] drink the urine of reindeers, because
[14:08] reindeers would be able to tolerate this.
[14:10] Okay.
[14:10] And then the shaman would
[14:11] actually then urinate.
[14:13] And then other people
[14:14] would drink the urine.
[14:15] This is in Northern.
[14:17] You can, this is actually a great New
[14:18] York times article on this with some
[14:19] great videos as well, but that's mostly
[14:21] because the toxicity is because of
[14:22] ibotenic acid, but agarin or muscimol
[14:25] is a fantastic orthosteric ligand of
[14:28] the GABA receptor, which means That it
[14:31] directly enhances GABA in the system,
[14:33] and it does it very effectively.
[14:35] But the key is to have
[14:36] it at very low doses.
[14:38] So it's a GABA receptor agonist.
[14:39] It easily crosses the blood-brain barrier.
[14:41] It's got a high potency, it's long-acting.
[14:42] It's about 6 to 10 hours
[14:44] overall for a half-life.
[14:46] It's naturally occurring, or you can
[14:47] make it synthetically, in low doses.
[14:49] It's safe and effective.
[14:50] And at high doses it can be
[14:52] hallucinogenic, but usually in,
[14:53] in combination with the Ibotenic
[14:54] acid and the actual musher.
[14:56] Non pharmacologic, of course, yoga,
[14:59] meditation, breathwork, anything
[15:00] that's going to make you more
[15:01] parasympathetic is also going to
[15:02] increase GABA tone in the brain.
[15:05] Physical activity also helps reset the
[15:07] system and the balance between glutamate
[15:08] and GABA, so also being physically
[15:10] active is also really important.
[15:13] And then, finally, it's really
[15:14] important, and this is kind of the
[15:16] ethos of health optimization medicine
[15:18] and practice, is we're detecting and
[15:20] correcting at the metabolomic level.
[15:22] And so, you really want to be
[15:22] keeping the GABA deficiency aspect
[15:25] of things on your clinical radar.
[15:27] So we test for the nutrients.
[15:28] We test for magnesium.
[15:29] We test for vitamin B6.
[15:30] We ensure optimized GABA production.
[15:33] And you want to do that as sort
[15:35] of your baseline for everybody.
[15:36] So when somebody comes to see me, I'm
[15:37] not looking for GABA deficiency exactly.
[15:40] What I'm doing is doing a full
[15:41] metabolic, metabolomic profile,
[15:43] correcting as I see, and then you often
[15:46] will see these improvements in mood
[15:48] and depression and anxiety because
[15:50] you're actually working on that.
[15:51] neurotransmitter system.
[15:52] Sometimes you can give herbals
[15:54] and you can give supplements and
[15:55] things like that to help right now.
[15:57] That's what the company, the
[15:58] transcriptions company is all about.
[15:59] But the key for the long term is to really
[16:02] work on that foundation and optimize it.
[16:04] Of course, you want to implement dietary
[16:05] and lifestyle measures to boost GABA
[16:07] production, considering herbal and fungal
[16:09] GABA agonists and orthosteric ligands
[16:11] to support GABA production as well.
[16:13] And then you want to really want to
[16:14] avoid your benzos and your barbiturates,
[16:17] obviously, and drugs that are going to
[16:19] cause dependence, withdrawal, intolerance.
[16:20] I mean, that's just important
[16:22] for us to think about.
[16:23] Sometimes it's unavoidable and I use
[16:25] these in my patients when they really
[16:26] need it, but oftentimes we can get
[16:28] away with not using them because we
[16:29] have a lot of great options here from
[16:31] an herbal and fungal perspective.
[16:34] Thank you guys very much for listening.
[16:36] I really appreciate your time.

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