# An Introduction to Lasers and Laser Systems

- Institution: Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI)
- Department: Physics
- Teacher: Prof. Dhruba J. Biswas Prof. J. Padma Nilaya
- Level: Undergraduate
- Language: English
- Subjects: Physics
- Source: [NPTEL](https://nptel.ac.in/courses/115101639)
- Licence: [CC BY-NC-SA](https://nptel.ac.in/faq) (Non-commercial use only.)
- Syllabus: [at the source](https://nptel.ac.in/courses/115101639)
- Who can watch: Tweens profiles and older (sources give no ratings; placed by Invisible Network from the source's own words)

## Lectures

1. [Week 01: Lecture 01: Lasers at a Glance](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/a9ad8ff8f8b2) (Video)
2. [Week 1: Lecture 2: Light Amplifier and the Concept of Cavity](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/8e6b434b6b77) (Video)
3. [Week 1: Lecture 3: Laser: An Integration of a Population Inverted Medium and a Cavity](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/e048dd31fa00) (Video)
4. [Week 1: Lecture 4: The Invention of Lasers by Maiman](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/0dedb44e00df) (Video)
5. [Week 1: Lecture 5: Population Inversion vis-à-vis Boltzmann Distribution](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/c6abce78aff9) (Video)
6. [Week 2: Lecture 6: Different Methods of Pumping to Effect Population Inversion](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/fd85cce88b74) (Video)
7. [W2: L7: Population Inversion vis-à-vis No. of Participating Energy Levels in the process of Lasing](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/fe944219f083) (Video)
8. [Week 2: Lecture 8: Behaviour of Light](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/71c6fb77e7dc) (Video)
9. [Week 2: Lecture 9: Behaviour of Light (continued)](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/efee300c362d) (Video)
10. [Week 2: Lecture 10: Youngs Doble Slit Experiment and Interference of Light](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/1155e7f46125) (Video)
11. [Week 3: Lecture 11: Interference of Light and Fabrication of Laser Windows and Mirrors](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/f88fa18a87a1) (Video)
12. [Week 3: Lecture 12: Fabrication of Laser Windows and Mirrors (ctd)](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/601065a99ef1) (Video)
13. [Week 3: Lecture 13: Diffraction of Light](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/924f3c45ce38) (Video)
14. [Week 3: Lecture 14: Scattering of Light](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/43bb100c6dc8) (Video)
15. [Week 3: Lecture 15: Light Scattering (ctd) and Polarisation of Light](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/2453c58d0382) (Video)
16. [Week 4: Lecture 16: Polarisation of Light (ctd) and Brewster Angle of Incidence](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/1015a8cceb76) (Video)
17. [Week 4: Lecture 17: Continuous and Pulsed Operation of Lasers](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/04ee98535524) (Video)
18. [Week 4: Lecture 18: The Maximum Achievable Power from a Pulsed Laser](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/47992ea72518) (Video)
19. [Week 4: Lecture 19: Continuous and Pulsed Pumping of Lasers](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/c7ba2453bfcb) (Video)
20. [Week 4: Lecture 20: Continuous and Pulsed Pumping of Lasers (ctd)](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/5556168d0f90) (Video)
21. [Week 5: Lecture 21: Optical Pumping : Coupling of Pump Laser Beam into the Cavity](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/b767442a621f) (Video)
22. [Week 5: Lecture 22: Electrical Pumping](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/ee555bec6042) (Video)
23. [Week 5: Lecture 23: Different Kinds of Lasers](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/e2a016aabbc7) (Video)
24. [Week 5: Lecture 24: Atomic Gas Lasers: He-Ne Laser](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/921c9b23d3fb) (Video)
25. [Week 5: Lecture 25: He-Ne Laser (ctd)](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/e07cbed07afc) (Video)
26. [Week 6: Lecture 26: Emission Features of He-Ne Laser](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/26d5a165ee56) (Video)
27. [Week 6: Lecture 27: Ion Lasers: Argon Ion Laser](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/dbcf38b551d9) (Video)
28. [Week 6: Lecture 28: Argon Ion Lasers: Emission Feature](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/3c7fbf9da50f) (Video)
29. [Week 6: Lecture 29: Liquid Lasers: Dye Laser](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/a744685ba1c7) (Video)
30. [Week 6: Lecture 30: Dye Lasers: Working Principle and Emission Features](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/8f534264c16b) (Video)
31. [Week 7: Lecture 31: Solid State Lasers: Nd-YAG Laser](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/1b177de1b7b1) (Video)
32. [Week 7: Lecture 32: Pumping of Nd-YAG Lasers](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/e15eb76a9a52) (Video)
33. [Week 7: Lecture 33: Diode Pumped Solid State Lasers and Continuously Tunable Solid State Lasers](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/d42e95ecb743) (Video)
34. [Week 7: Lecture 34: Excimer Lasers: Importance](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/f3a6bc8bed50) (Video)
35. [Week 7: Lecture 35: Excimer Lasers: Working Principle, Rare Gas Halide Lasers](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/883fbce90eeb) (Video)
36. [Week 8: Lecture 36: Introduction to CO2 lasers and molecular spectroscopy](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/05f5dc801d96) (Video)
37. [Week 8: Lecture 37: Molecular Spectroscopy:Ro-vibrational Transitions](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/bd08b1fed504) (Video)
38. [W8: L38: Modes of molecular vibration, Vibrational modes and 4 level lasing scheme in a CO2 laser](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/071459a05541) (Video)
39. [Week 8: Lecture 39: Mechanism of lasing in a CO2 laser](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/ec05de0f1d37) (Video)
40. [Week 8: Lecture 40: Low pressure, CW Operation of a CO2 laser](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/95a3ff1fb9c0) (Video)
41. [Week 9: Lecture 41: Limitations of CW - CO2 Lasers and remedy](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/f85611c9dde0) (Video)
42. [W9: L42: Pulsed Operation of CO2 Lasers; TEA CO2 Lasers and their Temporal Emission Profile](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/a94bf5c6d7a4) (Video)
43. [Week 9: Lecture 43: TEA CO2 Lasers: Operation, Gain Broadening and Emission Features](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/8dca97f8586f) (Video)
44. [Week 9: Lecture 44: Gain Broadening and Emission Features (ctd)](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/e61c82874f2c) (Video)
45. [Week 9: Lecture 45: Discrete and Continuously Tunable Operation of a CO2 laser](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/2c23f27e0d8e) (Video)
46. [Week 10: Lecture 46: Chemical Lasers: Underlying Physics](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/7e88aeed8d40) (Video)
47. [Week 10: Lecture 47: Principle of Operation of HF, DF Chemical Oxygen Iodine Lasers](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/08c84adcbbec) (Video)
48. [Week 10: Lecture 48: Gas Dynamic Lasers: Principle of Operation](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/aedc5456d710) (Video)
49. [Week 10: Lecture 49: Operation of Gas Dynamic CO2 Lasers](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/9afb4b59458b) (Video)
50. [Week 10: Lecture 50: Fiber Lasers: Its Advantages over Conventional Solid State Lasers](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/53486363496e) (Video)
51. [Week 11: Lecture 51: Fiber Laser- continued](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/7f8e9cacafc8) (Video)
52. [Week 11: Lecture 52: The Acceptance Angle, Pumping of Fiber Lasers and their Operation](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/ff4695842126) (Video)
53. [Week 11: Lecture 53: Scaling up of Output Power of Fiber Laser and Operation of Fiber Amplifiers](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/e788d96e7263) (Video)
54. [Week 11: Lecture 54: Semiconductor Lasers: An Introduction and Basics of Semiconductor Physics](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/2d9ed7e725b2) (Video)
55. [Week 11: Lecture 55: Metals, Insulators and Semiconductors, Concept of Holes](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/003afdcff803) (Video)
56. [Week 12: Lecture 56: Concept of Holes (ctd), Intrinsic and Extrinsic Semiconductors](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/f2af0d97b2e6) (Video)
57. [W12: L57: n-type and p-type semiconductors, Semiconductor Diodes, Light Emitting Diodes(LED)](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/13bf05b7475e) (Video)
58. [Week 12: Lecture 58: Diode Laser from the LED](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/dbb7d59497f6) (Video)
59. [Week 12: Lecture 59: Homojunction and Hetrojunction Diode Lasers](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/b25a1cee5e7d) (Video)
60. [Week 12: Lecture 60: Edge Emitting Diode Lasers, Surface Emitting Diode Lasers, Diode Bars & Arrays](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/115101639/0f79507b3169) (Video)