# सन्धि Sandhi in Paninian Grammar

- Institution: IIT Bombay
- Department: Humanities and Social Sciences
- Teacher: Prof. Malhar Kulkarni
- Level: Undergraduate
- Language: English
- Subjects: Society and politics
- Source: [NPTEL](https://nptel.ac.in/courses/109101195)
- Licence: [CC BY-NC-SA](https://nptel.ac.in/faq) (Non-commercial use only.)
- Syllabus: [at the source](https://nptel.ac.in/courses/109101195)
- Who can watch: Teens profiles and older (sources give no ratings; placed by Invisible Network from the source's own words)

This course introduces a reader of basics of सन्धि Sandhi (euphonic combinations) in Pāṇinian grammar. It aims to teach the concept of सन्धि Sandhi in detail in accordance with the grammar of Pāṇini. This course also discusses in detail the derivation process of a sentence in accordance with the grammar of Pāṇini and highlights the place of सन्धि Sandhi in it. The course also discusses the concepts with various examples taken from different historical sources.

Intended audience: Linguists, Indologists.

## Lectures

1. [Lecture 1: Aims and Objectives](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/a9413519ccc8) (YouTube)
2. [Lecture 2: Aims and Objectives (continued): Data Analysis, Cognitive explanation, Derivation of Sentence, Accent and सन्धि sandhi](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/27451c32b1d2) (YouTube)
3. [Lecture 3: Text and Types of सूत्रsūtras dealing with सन्धि sandhi in Pāṇinian grammar](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/2b4498eb892f) (YouTube)
4. [Lecture 4: Process of Speech Production: Cognitive Stage](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/c0dbc912c1eb) (YouTube)
5. [Lecture 5: Process of Speech Production: Cognitive Stage: विवक्षाvivakṣā](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/2d094208c867) (YouTube)
6. [Lecture 6: Process of Speech Production: Physical stage](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/443712ed3671) (YouTube)
7. [Lecture 7: Process of speech production, Features of produced speech](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/3cd18a63f939) (YouTube)
8. [Lecture 8: Technique of प्रत्याहारpratyāhāra &Rearrangement of Sound Inventory](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/366ee369d48e) (YouTube)
9. [Lecture 9: What is a सन्धि sandhi?](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/5c89546e699f) (YouTube)
10. [Lecture 10: संहिताsaṁhitā andसन्धि sandhi](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/9a57a8d2daf4) (YouTube)
11. [Lecture 11: अच्सन्धिac-sandhi-vowel sandhi: एकस्थानिकएकादेशekasthānika ekādeśa: यण्सन्धिyaṇ sandhi:Examples at differnet levels and discussion](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/ec6f4bbb5d7a) (YouTube)
12. [Lecture 12: अच्सन्धिac-sandhi-vowel sandhi: एकस्थानिकएकादेशekasthānika ekādeśa: यण्सन्धिyaṇ sandhi : Interrelation with Accent rules- स्वर-सूत्रsvara-sūtras](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/7dcbf2d2d945) (YouTube)
13. [Lecture 13: अच्सन्धिac-sandhi-vowel sandhi: एकस्थानिकएकादेशekasthānika ekādeśa: यण्सन्धिyaṇ sandhi : स्थानिवद्भावsthānivadbhāva](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/1bb36844423a) (YouTube)
14. [Lecture 14: अच्सन्धिac-sandhi-vowel sandhi: एकस्थानिकएकादेशekasthānika ekādeśa: अयवायाव्-सन्धि ayavāyāv- sandhi: Meaning of the सूत्रsūtra](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/4e46ce97b539) (YouTube)
15. [Lecture 15: अच्सन्धिac-sandhi-vowel sandhi: एकस्थानिकएकादेशekasthānika ekādeśa: अयवायाव्-सन्धि ayavāyāv- sandhi: Examples of एe and ओo](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/fe0d06982262) (YouTube)
16. [Lecture 16: अच्सन्धि ac-sandhi-vowel sandhi: एकस्थानिक एकादेश ekasthānika ekādeśa: यण् सन्धि yaṇ sandhi:Examples at differnet levels and discussion](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/6fdc5887581c) (YouTube)
17. [Lecture 17: अच्सन्धि ac-sandhi-vowel sandhi: एकस्थानिक एकादेश ekasthānika ekādeśa: यण् सन्धि yaṇ sandhi : Interrelation with Accent rules- स्वर-सूत्र svara-sūtras](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/c36b148c9896) (YouTube)
18. [Lecture 18: अच्सन्धि ac-sandhi-vowel sandhi: एकस्थानिक एकादेश ekasthānika ekādeśa: यण् सन्धि yaṇ sandhi : स्थानिवद्भाव sthānivadbhāva](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/0a53eeb39180) (YouTube)
19. [Lecture 19: अच्सन्धि ac-sandhi-vowel sandhi: एकस्थानिक एकादेश ekasthānika ekādeśa: अयवायाव्- सन्धि ayavāyāv- sandhi: Meaning of the सूत्र sūtra](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/347141c31adb) (YouTube)
20. [Lecture 20: अच्सन्धि ac-sandhi-vowel sandhi: एकस्थानिक एकादेश ekasthānika ekādeśa: अयवायाव्- सन्धि ayavāyāv- sandhi: Examples of एe and ओo](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/312762184c1e) (YouTube)
21. [Lecture 21: अच्सन्धिac-sandhi-vowel sandhi: एकस्थानिकएकादेशekasthānika ekādeśa: अयवायाव्-सन्धि ayavāyāv- sandhi: Examples of ऐai andऔau](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/a03bb1aead34) (YouTube)
22. [Lecture 22: अच्सन्धिac-sandhi-vowel sandhi: एकस्थानिकएकादेश-ekasthānika ekādeśa: अयवायाव्-सन्धि ayavāyāv- sandhi: Additional सूत्रssūtras- A 6.1.79, 80](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/19e7a2e6c1ca) (YouTube)
23. [Lecture 23: अच्सन्धिac-sandhi- vowel sandhi: एकस्थानिकएकादेशekasthānika ekādeśa: अयवायाव्-सन्धि ayavāyāv- sandhi: Additional सूत्रssūtras- A 6.1.81, 82 and Interrelation of सूत्रssūtras](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/db7136f48b81) (YouTube)
24. [Lecture 24: अच्सन्धिac-sandhi- vowel sandhi: द्विस्थानिकएकादेशdvisthānika ekādeśa: गुण-सन्धि guṇa-sandhi: some examples](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/f1928c7693ff) (YouTube)
25. [Lecture 25: अच्सन्धिac-sandhi- vowel sandhi: द्विस्थानिकएकादेशdvisthānika ekādeśa: गुण-सन्धि guṇa-sandhi: examples-continued](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/dc927a778dd5) (YouTube)
26. [Lecture 26: अच्सन्धि ac-sandhi- vowel sandhi: द्विस्थानिक एकादेश dvisthānika ekādeśa: वृद्धि-सन्धि vṛddhi-sandhi, A 6.1.88- examples](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/25fa0a8a4360) (YouTube)
27. [Lecture 27: अच्सन्धि ac-sandhi- vowel sandhi: द्विस्थानिक एकादेश dvisthānika ekādeśa: वृद्धि-सन्धि vṛddhi-sandhi, A 6.1.89- examples, other statements](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/c1c4971919eb) (YouTube)
28. [Lecture 28: अच्सन्धि ac-sandhi- vowel sandhi: द्विस्थानिक एकादेश dvisthānika ekādeśa: वृद्धि-सन्धि vṛddhi-sandhi, A 6.1.90, 91, 92- examples](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/2f580e79ada9) (YouTube)
29. [Lecture 29: अच्सन्धि ac-sandhi- vowel sandhi: द्विस्थानिक एकादेश dvisthānika ekādeśa: पररूप- सन्धि pararūpa-sandhi, A 6.1.94, other statements](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/36fe065a4495) (YouTube)
30. [Lecture 30: अच्सन्धि ac-sandhi- vowel sandhi: द्विस्थानिक एकादेश dvisthānika ekādeśa: पररूप- सन्धि pararūpa-sandhi, A 6.1.95-100](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/7b286f188c2e) (YouTube)
31. [Lecture 31: अच्सन्धिac-sandhi- vowel sandhi: द्विस्थानिकएकादेशdvisthānika ekādeśa: सवर्णदीर्घ-सन्धि savarṇadīrgha-sandhi, सवर्ण savarṇa](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/8a6cb45c66e5) (YouTube)
32. [Lecture 32: अच्सन्धिac-sandhi- vowel sandhi: द्विस्थानिकएकादेशdvisthānika ekādeśa: सवर्णदीर्घ-सन्धि savarṇadīrgha-sandhi, A 6.1.101, examples](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/717629297ca1) (YouTube)
33. [Lecture 33: अच्सन्धिac-sandhi- vowel sandhi: द्विस्थानिकएकादेशdvisthānika ekādeśa: सवर्णदीर्घ-सन्धि savarṇadīrgha-sandhi, A 6.1.101, remaining examples, Purpose of अचिaci](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/65651d44201f) (YouTube)
34. [Lecture 34: अच्सन्धिac-sandhi- vowel sandhi: द्विस्थानिकएकादेशdvisthānika ekādeśa: पूर्वरूप-सन्धि pūrvarūpa-sandhi, A 6.1.107-110](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/03fea38255d9) (YouTube)
35. [Lecture 35: अच्सन्धिac-sandhi- vowel sandhi: Recap, Feeding the accent rules, Sandhi splitting, असिद्ध asiddha](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/2e032a12f05b) (YouTube)
36. [Lecture 36: हल्सन्धि-hal sandhi- consonant sandhi- Basics, terminology, types, instances](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/2e91278bdb63) (YouTube)
37. [Lecture 37: हल्सन्धि-hal sandhi- consonant sandhi: पूर्वनिमित्तक pūrvanimittaka-एकस्थानिक ekasthānika-एकादेशekādeśa: श्चुत्वसन्धिścutva sandhi, Meaning ofश्चुना ścunā](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/54865f35f705) (YouTube)
38. [Lecture 38: हल्सन्धि-hal sandhi- consonant sandhi: परनिमित्तक paranimittaka-एकस्थानिकekasthānika-एकादेशekādeśa,श्चुत्वसन्धिścutva sandhi, Meaning ofश्चुना ścunā, examples](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/818a669df348) (YouTube)
39. [Lecture 39: हल्सन्धि-hal sandhi-consonant sandhi: परनिमित्तक paranimittaka-एकस्थानिकekasthānika-एकादेशekādeśa,श्चुत्वसन्धिścutva sandhi, examples](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/d743dfa8f0ea) (YouTube)
40. [Lecture 40: हल्सन्धि-hal sandhi- consonant sandhi: ष्टुत्वसन्धिṣṭutva sandhi- पूर्वनिमित्तक pūrvanimittaka-एकस्थानिक ekasthānika-एकादेशekādeśa+ परनिमित्तक paranimittaka-एकस्थानिकekasthānika-examples](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/0a145851e8a3) (YouTube)
41. [Lecture 41: हल्सन्धि-hal sandhi- consonant sandhi: एकस्थानिक-एकादेशekasthānika-ekādeśa: ष्टुत्वसन्धिṣṭutva sandhi- परनिमित्तक paranimittaka-एकस्थानिकekasthānika-Remaining Examples](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/747ecf4cec25) (YouTube)
42. [Lecture 42: हल्सन्धि-hal sandhi- consonant sandhi: एकस्थानिक-एकादेशekasthānika-ekādeśa: अनुस्वार-सन्धिanusvāra-sandhi, परसवर्ण-सन्धिparasavarṇa-sandhi, Meaning of सूत्रssūtras- A 8.3.23,24 and A 8.4.58, 59](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/517203c67ad2) (YouTube)
43. [Lecture 43: हल्सन्धि-hal sandhi- consonant sandhi: एकस्थानिक-एकादेशekasthānika-ekādeśa: अनुस्वार-सन्धिanusvāra-sandhi, परसवर्ण-सन्धिparasavarṇa-sandhi- Examples of म्m](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/2d4a58aeb339) (YouTube)
44. [Lecture 44: हल्सन्धि-hal sandhi- consonant sandhi: एकस्थानिक-एकादेशekasthānika-ekādeśa: अनुस्वार-सन्धिanusvāra-sandhi, परसवर्ण-सन्धिparasavarṇa-sandhi- Examples of न्n](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/2eab048ffaee) (YouTube)
45. [Lecture 45: हल्सन्धि-hal sandhi- consonant sandhi: एकस्थानिक-एकादेशekasthānika-ekādeśa: पूर्वसवर्णसन्धि pūrvasavarṇa sandhi](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/6e8551ec4250) (YouTube)
46. [Lecture 46: हल्सन्धि-hal sandhi- consonant sandhi: एकस्थानिक-एकादेशekasthānika-ekādeśa: अनुनासिकसन्धिanunāsika sandhi, छत्वसन्धिchatva sandhi](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/13a2555659b9) (YouTube)
47. [Lecture 47: हल्सन्धि-hal sandhi- consonant sandhi: एकस्थानिक-द्व्यादेशekasthānika-dvyādeśa: द्विर्वचन-सन्धिdvirvacana sandhi](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/89c0e0ca2af0) (YouTube)
48. [Lecture 48: हल्सन्धि-hal sandhi- consonant sandhi: एकस्थानिक-द्व्यादेशekasthānika-dvyādeśa: आगम-सन्धिāgama sandhi](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/536815ac8c9e) (YouTube)
49. [Lecture 49: हल्सन्धि-hal sandhi- consonant sandhi: एकस्थानिक-द्व्यादेशekasthānika-dvyādeśa: सत्व-अनुस्वार-सन्धिsatva anusvāra sandhi](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/83b5c340f127) (YouTube)
50. [Lecture 50: हल्सन्धि-hal sandhi- consonant sandhi- A Recap](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/3c6acbd83b2f) (YouTube)
51. [Lecture 51: विसर्गसन्धि- visarga sandhi: A 8.3.15, A 8.3.34,35, 36, 37](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/fb69bef7a4ec) (YouTube)
52. [Lecture 52: विसर्गसन्धि- visarga sandhi: A 8.3.38-43](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/63842ad1b54f) (YouTube)
53. [Lecture 53: विसर्गसन्धि- visarga sandhi: A 8.3.44-48](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/75bc4bf25f34) (YouTube)
54. [Lecture 54: स्वादिसन्धि- svādi sandhi: A 8.2.66, A 6.1.113, 114](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/ef13c41698fc) (YouTube)
55. [Lecture 55: स्वादिसन्धि- svādi sandhi: A 8.3.17, 19, 22- Examples](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/f9fa6f502289) (YouTube)
56. [Lecture 56: स्वादिसन्धि- svādi sandhi: A 8.3.17, 19, 22- Examples](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/7b122c08e7c5) (YouTube)
57. [Lecture 57: स्वादिसन्धि- svādi sandhi: A 8.3.17, 19, 22- Remaining Examples](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/bb1dc17fa387) (YouTube)
58. [Lecture 58: प्रकृतिभावprakṛtibhāva: A 6.1.125, A 8.2.82-86,A 6.1.129, 130, A 1.1.11-19, A 6.1.127, 128](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/312253b96ba6) (YouTube)
59. [Lecture 59: Strategies of सन्धि sandhi splitting, Examples](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/6d6c1a089aba) (YouTube)
60. [Lecture 60: Summary of the course, Multiple explanations-Interpretations, Cognitive explanation ofसन्धि sandhi, Final benediction](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/109101195/0aeb84ed4cf1) (YouTube)