# Basic Electrical Circuits

- Institution: IIT Madras
- Department: Electrical Engineering
- Teacher: Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura
- Level: Undergraduate
- Language: English
- Subjects: Engineering
- Source: [NPTEL](https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108106172)
- Licence: [CC BY-NC-SA](https://nptel.ac.in/faq) (Non-commercial use only.)
- Syllabus: [at the source](https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108106172)
- Who can watch: Tweens profiles and older (sources give no ratings; placed by Invisible Network from the source's own words)

## Lectures

1. [Preliminaries](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/03f1e697b587) (Video)
2. [Current](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/73efd08e4a48) (Video)
3. [Voltage](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/ac427ccc21f6) (Video)
4. [Electrical elements and circuits](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/73f8e9843085) (Video)
5. [Kirchhoff's current law(KCL)](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/93749f6a8baa) (Video)
6. [Kirchhoff's voltage law(KVL)](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/a0c22be1fd78) (Video)
7. [Voltage source](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/4caf153823d4) (Video)
8. [Current source](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/067d142210e1) (Video)
9. [Resistor](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/73912ccb785c) (Video)
10. [Capacitor](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/e73be69b9e5f) (Video)
11. [Inductor](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/1240876ec906) (Video)
12. [Mutual inductor](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/52ed2b15f4f4) (Video)
13. [Linearity of elements](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/cc32ed30eaf6) (Video)
14. [Series connection-Voltage sources in series](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/1fdc0617bc3b) (Video)
15. [Series connection of R, L, C, current source](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/db8a271e7d8e) (Video)
16. [Elements in parallel](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/9a31c36de12c) (Video)
17. [Current source in series with an element; Voltage source in parallel with an element](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/6799c1c23c3f) (Video)
18. [Extreme cases: Open and short circuits](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/429d338353f6) (Video)
19. [Summary](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/fc2ad5dc47a4) (Video)
20. [Voltage controlled voltage source(VCVS)](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/8c0d34fdbfa7) (Video)
21. [Voltage controlled current source(VCCS)](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/8441617d876d) (Video)
22. [Current controlled voltage source(CCVS)](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/23364663bd8a) (Video)
23. [Current controlled current source(CCCS)](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/f737a5449ef0) (Video)
24. [Realizing a resistance using a VCCS or CCCS](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/e7c7bdc23d8c) (Video)
25. [Scaling an element's value using controlled sources](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/8f72504585ef) (Video)
26. [Example calculation](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/d53928b35779) (Video)
27. [Power and energy absorbed by electrical elements](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/b571f711292e) (Video)
28. [Power and energy in a resistor](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/fd3810eeb6ff) (Video)
29. [Power and energy in a capacitor](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/da1df355bf01) (Video)
30. [Power and energy in an inductor](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/2bdaf8b7c9ea) (Video)
31. [Power and energy in a voltage source](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/12359e80bd68) (Video)
32. [Power and energy in a current source](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/ef70b92431c9) (Video)
33. [Goals of circuit analysis](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/00007b815671) (Video)
34. [Number of independent KCL equations](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/634a4789e79d) (Video)
35. [Number of independent KVL equations and branch relationships](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/94508a7921bb) (Video)
36. [Analysis of circuits with a single independent source](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/32d7e83f9074) (Video)
37. [Analysis of circuits with multiple independent sources using superposition](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/5fb8850ae371) (Video)
38. [Superposition: Example](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/3ad634310835) (Video)
39. [What is nodal analysis](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/ba3d2d225bb8) (Video)
40. [Setting up nodal analysis equations](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/98c3f4f8fb89) (Video)
41. [Structure of the conductance matrix](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/60e22ed2f82c) (Video)
42. [How do elements circuit appear in the nodal analysis formulation](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/ce0d33c4d42e) (Video)
43. [Completely solving the circuit starting from nodal analysis](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/fb8593abc420) (Video)
44. [Nodal analysis example](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/691f24de3ec3) (Video)
45. [Matrix inversion basics](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/ca20b2ec39b3) (Video)
46. [Nodal analysis with independent voltage sources](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/9e5152b0ce9b) (Video)
47. [Supernode for nodal analysis with independent voltage sources](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/217a581ac4dc) (Video)
48. [Nodal analysis with VCCS](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/dd2b696c25a2) (Video)
49. [Nodal analysis with VCVS](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/7f66193a6a77) (Video)
50. [Nodal analysis with CCVS](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/258c932a9166) (Video)
51. [Nodal analysis with CCCS](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/1604d7905e87) (Video)
52. [Nodal analysis summary](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/e25c09ee81c5) (Video)
53. [Planar circuits](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/244ae90f9031) (Video)
54. [Mesh currents and their relationship to branch currents](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/2a325f144128) (Video)
55. [Mesh analysis](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/21da9fed32fd) (Video)
56. [Mesh analysis with independent current sources-Supermesh](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/093409a46e8f) (Video)
57. [Mesh analysis with current controlled voltage sources](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/00a27c01096b) (Video)
58. [Mesh analysis with current controlled current sources](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/8024307951fc) (Video)
59. [Mesh analysis using voltage controlled sources](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/dc8129f4c36d) (Video)
60. [Nodal analysis versus Mesh analysis](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/136406d17c29) (Video)
61. [Superposition theorem](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/ed419ce3016c) (Video)
62. [Pushing a voltage source through a node](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/d47c17018075) (Video)
63. [Splitting a current source](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/9b3fa4b47b6c) (Video)
64. [Substitution theorem: Current source](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/df5dfabcd0fc) (Video)
65. [Substitution theorem: Voltage source](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/12d6aa5e094d) (Video)
66. [Substituting a voltage or current source with a resistor](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/62b6bea32541) (Video)
67. [Extensions to Superposition and Substitution theorem](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/4fffa5105e29) (Video)
68. [Thevenin's theorem](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/02d32a6f9e2c) (Video)
69. [Worked out example: Thevenin's theorem](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/b8d55d7c39e2) (Video)
70. [Norton's theorem](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/fb6da0d2f854) (Video)
71. [Worked out example: Norton's theorem](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/a6cbd7ade080) (Video)
72. [Maximum power transfer theorem](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/565b1b8d900b) (Video)
73. [Preliminaries](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/845c62ceeade) (Video)
74. [Two port parameters](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/8e02f82b0b36) (Video)
75. [y parameters](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/64257e63a324) (Video)
76. [y parameters: Examples](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/2a15904d718a) (Video)
77. [z parameters](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/984ae2b3b862) (Video)
78. [z parameters: Examples](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/110a45d84e01) (Video)
79. [h parameters](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/bd024f7922ad) (Video)
80. [h parameters: Examples](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/f111debec3f4) (Video)
81. [g parameters](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/ebaf9c936e7c) (Video)
82. [g parameters: Examples](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/59eca0230cb6) (Video)
83. [Calculations with a two-port element](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/7899174e07ac) (Video)
84. [Calculations with a two-port element](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/bc7dee43e86b) (Video)
85. [Degenerate cases](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/14b7c30b3ed4) (Video)
86. [Relationships between different two-port parameters](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/750795802b50) (Video)
87. [Equivalent circuit representation of two-ports](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/e3c03b7b2208) (Video)
88. [Reciprocity](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/0264b4b45e1c) (Video)
89. [Proof of reciprocity of resistive two-ports](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/2671660f30f5) (Video)
90. [Proof for 4-terminal two-ports](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/8a3c1b5b770a) (Video)
91. [Reciprocity in terms of different two-port parameters](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/45b93f3e9e5a) (Video)
92. [Reciprocity in circuits containing controlled sources](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/f698926b14b0) (Video)
93. [Examples](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/7184c93de78c) (Video)
94. [Feedback amplifier using an opamp](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/18166af76982) (Video)
95. [Ideal opamp](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/c184e27fec20) (Video)
96. [Negative feedback around the opamp](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/ab8455d4f178) (Video)
97. [Finding opamp sign for negative feedback](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/72b45473e756) (Video)
98. [Example: Determining opamp sign for negative feedback](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/ad574f5fbfd6) (Video)
99. [Analysis of circuits with opamps](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/0a4ae4b3b71b) (Video)
100. [More on opamps: Example circuits and additional topics](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/1a690d19def7) (Video)
101. [Inverting amplifier](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/3dd1f15529a5) (Video)
102. [Summing amplifier](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/d2a974e4254c) (Video)
103. [Instrumentation amplifier](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/8819cf05ac36) (Video)
104. [Negative resistance](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/633984178718) (Video)
105. [Finding opamp signs for negative feedback-circuits with multiple opamps](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/1ee776c187a8) (Video)
106. [Opamp supply voltages and saturation](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/4f4969f32be4) (Video)
107. [KCL with an opamp and supply currents](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/d58202ea0209) (Video)
108. [Circuits with storage elements(capacitors and inductors)](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/6caab3730650) (Video)
109. [First order circuit with zero input-natural response](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/036bb6d2270e) (Video)
110. [First order RC circuit with zero input-Example](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/c3137ba41268) (Video)
111. [First order circuit with a constant input](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/e0a06fcc89e0) (Video)
112. [General form of the first order circuit response](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/6fcfb965edf4) (Video)
113. [First order RC circuit with a constant input-Example](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/a07bb5ba03da) (Video)
114. [First order circuit with piecewise constant input](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/d67204fe6768) (Video)
115. [First order circuit with piecewise constant input-Example](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/d4b039e87e85) (Video)
116. [First order circuit-Response of arbitrary circuit variables](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/1854819e6a7c) (Video)
117. [Summary: Computing first order circuit response](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/4cea99e32751) (Video)
118. [Does a capacitor block DC?](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/3734b4314c78) (Video)
119. [Finding the order of a circuit](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/28ed142df321) (Video)
120. [First order RC circuits with discontinuous capacitor voltages](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/5116f14fd4aa) (Video)
121. [Summary: Computing first order circuit response with discontinuities](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/759aff4e14c7) (Video)
122. [First order RL circuits](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/c72937fd201a) (Video)
123. [First order RL circuit with discontinuous inductor current-Example](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/7bcb452d622f) (Video)
124. [First order RC circuit with an exponential input](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/8b597003d3e0) (Video)
125. [First order RC response to its own natural response](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/85f3690d3af8) (Video)
126. [First order RC response to a sinusoidal input](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/fb26a8f36296) (Video)
127. [First order RC response to a sinusoidal input-via the complex exponential](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/627e4b41189d) (Video)
128. [Summary: Linear circuit response to sinusoidal input via the complex exponential](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/6d3a8ce26732) (Video)
129. [Three methods of calculating the sinusoidal steady state response](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/9847fd3b2ec1) (Video)
130. [Calculating the total response including initial conditions](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/06196658bebd) (Video)
131. [Why are sinusoids used in measurement?](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/76586f12abaa) (Video)
132. [Second order system natural response](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/4dc4459c2b96) (Video)
133. [Second order system as a cascade of two first order systems](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/7ad1143349ca) (Video)
134. [Second order system natural response-critically damped and underdamped](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/f08886497405) (Video)
135. [Generalized form of a second order system](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/e7a13befe863) (Video)
136. [Numerical example](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/aae2207889f4) (Video)
137. [Series and parallel RLC circuits](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/82cd85367e25) (Video)
138. [Forced response of a second order system](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/nptel/108106172/c74cbebcfefa) (Video)