# Advanced Thermodynamics

- Institution: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Department: Mechanical Engineering
- Teacher: Prof. Gian Paolo Beretta
- Term: Spring 2024
- Level: Graduate
- Language: English
- Subjects: Physics, Chemistry, Engineering, Earth and environment
- Source: [MIT OpenCourseWare](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/)
- Licence: [CC BY-NC-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) (Non-commercial use only.)
- Syllabus: [at the source](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/pages/syllabus/)
- Who can watch: Tweens profiles and older (sources give no ratings; placed by Invisible Network from the source's own words)

This course is a self-contained concise review of general thermodynamics concepts, multicomponent equilibrium properties, chemical equilibrium, electrochemical potentials, and chemical kinetics, as needed to introduce the methods of nonequilibrium thermodynamics and to provide a unified understanding of phase equilibria, transport, and nonequilibrium phenomena useful for future energy and climate engineering technologies. Applications include second-law efficiencies and methods to allocate primary energy consumptions and CO₂ emissions in cogeneration and hybrid power systems, minimum work of separation, maximum work of mixing, osmotic pressure and membrane equilibria, metastable states, spinodal decomposition, and Onsager’s near-equilibrium reciprocity in thermodiffusive, thermoelectric, and electrokinetic cross effects.

## Lectures

1. [Lecture 1: Definitions of System, Property, State, and Weight Process; First Law and Energy](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/mit/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/35f8f2b7b485) (Video)
2. [Lecture 2: Second Law and Entropy; Adiabatic Availability; Maximum Entropy Principle](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/mit/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/bb84179d41ea) (Video)
3. [Lecture 3: Energy vs Entropy Diagrams to Represent Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium States](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/mit/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/468136a6526c) (Video)
4. [Lecture 4: Temperature, Pressure, Chemical Potentials; the Clausius Statement of the Second Law](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/mit/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/0e1249f43049) (Video)
5. [Lecture 5: Definition of Heat Interaction; First and Second Law Efficiencies](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/mit/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/949f1d7b5ff3) (Video)
6. [Lecture 6: Free Energies, Available Energies, and Stability Conditions](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/mit/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/fcfae00fb73c) (Video)
7. [Lecture 7: Availability Functions and the LeChatelier-Braun Principle](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/mit/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/635b6e52b95b) (Video)
8. [Lecture 8: Few versus Many Particles: The Euler Relation; Review of Various Forms of Exergy (Part I)](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/mit/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/cff72bad5a05) (Video)
9. [Lecture 9: Minimum Work of Partitioning Small Systems; The Gibbs Phase Rule; The Van der Waals Model](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/mit/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/76fdbb8b6468) (Video)
10. [Lecture 10: Review of Various Forms of Exergy (Part II); Allocation of Consumptions in Cogeneration](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/mit/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/4a8182c58b22) (Video)
11. [Lecture 11: Allocation in Hybrid Power Production; Chemical Potentials and Partial Pressures](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/mit/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/98d0dc479dea) (Video)
12. [Lecture 12: Ideal Mixture Behavior; Work from Reversible Mixing; Entropy of Irreversible Mixing](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/mit/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/c042508ae1d5) (Video)
13. [Lecture 13: The Gibbs Paradox; Shannon Information Entropy; Single Quantum Particle in a Box](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/mit/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/1f6c65f44865) (Video)
14. [Lecture 14: Ideal Solution Model; Osmotic Pressure; Blue Energy; Minimum Work of Separation](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/mit/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/bc9e4bf8a9f1) (Video)
15. [Lecture 15: Stratification in Gas and Liquid Mixtures; Liquid-Vapor Spinodal Decomposition](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/mit/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/17489c177540) (Video)
16. [Lecture 16: Liquid-Vapor Equilibria in Mixtures; Ideal and Excess Chemical Potentials](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/mit/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/ec5ce65958f7) (Video)
17. [Lecture 17: Liquid-Liquid Spinodal Decomposition; Introduction to Systems with Chemical Reactions](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/mit/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/a63d0f187c16) (Video)
18. [Lecture 18: Properties of Reaction; Heating Values and Exergy of Fuels; Adiabatic Flame Temperature](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/mit/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/58c214767fa7) (Video)
19. [Lecture 19: Affinity and Nonequilibrium Law of Mass Action; Potential Energy Surface](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/mit/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/6c0682db479f) (Video)
20. [Lecture 20: Chemical Kinetics; The Arrhenius Law; Degree of Disequilibrium; Principle of Detailed Balance](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/mit/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/e90d71896c9b) (Video)
21. [Lecture 21: Introduction to Nonequilibrium Theory; Onsager Reciprocity and Maximum Entropy Production](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/mit/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/26458064cc98) (Video)
22. [Lecture 22: Definition of “Heat&Diffusion” Interaction; Diffusive and Convective Fluxes](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/mit/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/193f3937db45) (Video)
23. [Lecture 23: Direct and Cross Effects; General Principles of Entropy Production; The Fourth Law](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/mit/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/4e1c7d3e0cae) (Video)
24. [Lecture 24: Relative Diffusion Fluxes; Thermoelectric Effects](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/mit/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/743ecb6dfc3f) (Video)
25. [Lecture 25: Thermodiffusive Effects; Multicomponent Transport](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/mit/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/f67517faca71) (Video)