# Diagnostics in High Intensity Beams II

- Institution: CERN
- Department: CAS - CERN Accelerator School
- Speaker: Peter Forck
- Year: 2025
- Level: Graduate
- Language: English
- Source: [CERN](https://videos.cern.ch/record/3023609)
- Licence: [CERN](https://copyright.web.cern)
- Who can watch: Teens profiles and older (sources give no ratings; placed by Invisible Network from the source's own words)

The second part of the lecture focuses on the principles, technical implementation, and application of Beam Position Monitors (BPMs). The expected signal shape is derived and illustrated for a representative use case, providing guidance for proper interpretation and application. BPMs enable the evaluation of the transverse position of beam bunches with time resolutions ranging from individual bunch-by-bunch measurements to millisecond-scale averages. In synchrotron applications, the closed orbit -measured on the millisecond timescale- is determined and utilized as input for feedback systems to mitigate external disturbances and power supply fluctuations. By interpreting the bunch position as representative of a "macro-particle," key beam parameters such as tune, beta function, dispersion, and chromaticity can be extracted. For high-current operation, spectral modifications due to tune shifts and tune spread are briefly addressed. The lecture concludes with a concise overview of bunch length measurement techniques and the role of Beam Loss Monitors (BLMs) in machine protection and diagnostics.

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## Lectures

1. [Diagnostics in High Intensity Beams II](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/cern/3023609/125d69b94992), 1 h 1 min (CERN's player)