# Heavy ions

- Institution: CERN
- Department: CERN Summer Student Lecture Programme,2001
- Speaker: Federico Antinori
- Year: 2001
- Language: English
- Subjects: Physics
- Source: [CERN](https://videos.cern.ch/record/3008141)
- Licence: [CERN](http://copyright.web.cern.ch)
- Who can watch: Tweens profiles and older (sources give no ratings; placed by Invisible Network from the source's own words)

Colliding two heavy nuclei at ultrarelativistic energies allows to create in the laboratory a bulk system with huge density, pressure and temperature and to study its properties. It is estimated that in Pb-Pb collisions at CERN-SPS we reach over an appreciable volume an energy density which exceeds by more than a factor 20 that of normal nuclear matter. At such densities, the hadrons are so closely packed that they interpenetrate; novel physics phenomena are expected to appear. QCD predicts that under such conditions a phase transition from a system composed of colourless hadrons to a Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) should occur. A rich ultrarelativistic heavy-ion physics programme is under way both at BNL-AGS and at CERN-SPS since 1986. The results obtained so far have led CERN to officially announce evidence for a new state of matter last year. A long-range programme of heavy-ion physics at higher energies is under way (BNL-RHIC) and in preparation (CERN-LHC). These lectures are meant as an introduction to the physics of Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions, from an experimentalist s viewpoint. Theoretical issues will be dealt with in an intuitive manner. Due to the available time, only a selection of experimental results, mostly from the CERN HI programme, will be discussed..

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## Lectures

1. [Heavy ions](https://invisiblenetwork.ai/learn/cern/3008141/0050f98ea0e9), 45 min (CERN's player)