# International Space Station star trails - JSC2012E039800

- By: NASA/Don Pettit
- Date: 2012-04-05
- Classification: Photograph
- Credit line: NASA JSC Flickr account
- Museum: [Wikimedia Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:International_Space_Station_star_trails_-_JSC2012E039800.jpg)
- Rights: Public domain
- Picture: https://invisiblenetwork.ai/thumbs/commons/thumb/f/f2/International_Space_Station_star_trails_-_JSC2012E039800.jpg/1920px-International_Space_Station_star_trails_-_JSC2012E039800.jpg
- Who can see it: Kids profiles and older (museums give no ratings; placed by Invisible Network from the museum's own words)

Star trail composite image created by International Space Station Expedition 30 crew member Don Pettit using images ISS030E171842 through ISS030E171889.

Expedition 30 and Expedition 31 Flight Engineer Don Pettit provided information about photographic techniques used to achieve the images: "My star trail images are made by taking a time exposure of about 10 to 15 minutes. However, with modern digital cameras, 30 seconds is about the longest exposure possible, due to electronic detector noise effectively snowing out the image. To achieve the longer exposures I do what many amateur astronomers do. I take multiple 30-second exposures, then 'stack' them using imaging software, thus producing the longer exposure."

The image includes many natural and artificial lights that astronauts see while passing over the night side of Earth. On the ground, stationary features like cities appear as pale yellow-white streaks.

Looking toward the horizon, thunderstorms dot the landscape. Many of the compiled frames captured bright white lightning flashes. Above the horizon, a faint green-yellow phenomenon called airglow hugs the upper atmosphere. Look carefully at the large version of this image…