# Human karyotype with bands and sub-bands

- By: Mikael Häggström, M.D. Author info
- Date: 2022-11-20
- Classification: Photograph
- Credit line: edit Own work, integrating the following Public Domain pictures: Chromosomes, with annotated bands and sub-bands, by User:Was a bee, in turn using data from the Human Genome Project, as displayed in the Ensembl genome database: Ensembl -…
- Museum: [Wikimedia Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Human_karyotype_with_bands_and_sub-bands.png)
- Rights: [CC0](http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en)
- Picture: https://invisiblenetwork.ai/thumbs/commons/thumb/b/b1/Human_karyotype_with_bands_and_sub-bands.png/1920px-Human_karyotype_with_bands_and_sub-bands.png
- Who can see it: Teens profiles and older (museums give no ratings; placed by Invisible Network from the museum's own words)

Schematic and relatively language-neutral karyogram of a human. Even at low magnification, it gives an overview of the human genome, with numbered chromosome pairs, its main changes during the cell cycle (top center), and the mitochondrial genome to scale (at bottom left). High magnification (of full size version) more clearly depicts a scale to the left of each chromosome pair that shows the length in terms of million base pairs, and the scale to the right of each chromosome pair shows the designations of the bands and sub-bands. It shows darker and brighter regions as seen on G banding. Each row is vertically aligned at centromere level. The chromosomes are organized into the groups A to G in regard to size, position of the centromere and sometimes the presence of a chromosomal satellite. The chromosome copy numbers are those seen in G0 and G1 of the cell cycle, and at top center it also shows the state of the chromosome 3 pair in the metaphase of the cell cycle, after the synthesis of a copy of each chromosome. The karyogram shows: - 22 homologous autosomal chromosome pairs - Both the female (XX) and male (XY) versions of the two sex chromosomes (in green rectangle at bottom…